Izixhobo zokunciphisa ipropeller
Izixhobo zokunciphisa ipropeller ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinqwelo-moya ezineenjini zepiston okanye iinjini ze-turboprop. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukunciphisa isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kwenjini ukuya kwisantya esiphantsi esifanelekileyo ukuqhuba ipropeller ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kunciphisa isantya kuvumela ipropeller ukuba iguqule amandla enjini abe kukutyhala ngokufanelekileyo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli kwaye inciphise ingxolo.
Iigiya zokunciphisa ipropeller zinegiya ezahlukeneyo, kuquka iigiya yokuqhuba eqhagamshelwe kwi-crankshaft yenjini kunye negiya eqhutywayo eqhotyoshelwe kwi-propeller shaft. Ezi giya zihlala ziyi-helical okanye i-spur gears kwaye zenzelwe ukuba zifake i-mesh kakuhle ukuze zidlulise amandla ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwinqwelo-moya esebenzisa i-piston, umlinganiselo wegiya yokunciphisa udla ngokuba malunga ne-0.5 ukuya kwi-0.6, oko kuthetha ukuba i-propeller ijikeleza malunga nesiqingatha okanye ngaphezulu kancinci kwesiqingatha sesantya senjini. Oku kunciphisa isantya kuvumela i-propeller ukuba isebenze ngokusebenza kwayo okufanelekileyo, ivelise ukutyhala okuncinci ngengxolo kunye nokungcangcazela.
Kwinqwelo-moya ene-turboprop, izixhobo zokunciphisa zisetyenziselwa ukufanisa amandla okukhupha isantya esiphezulu senjini ye-turbine yegesi kunye nesantya esiphantsi sokujikeleza esifunekayo yi-propeller. Ezi zixhobo zokunciphisa zivumela iinjini ze-turboprop ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya, nto leyo ezenza zifaneleke kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nemisebenzi.
Lilonke, izixhobo zokunciphisa ipropeller ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuqhutywa kweenqwelo-moya, zivumela iinjini ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzolileyo ngelixa zibonelela ngamandla afunekayo ekundizeni.
Izixhobo zokufika
Izixhobo zokufika ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenqwelo-moya evumela ukuba isuke, ihlale, kwaye ihambe ngeteksi emhlabeni. Ziqulathe amavili, ii-struts, kunye nezinye iindlela ezixhasa ubunzima benqwelo-moya kwaye zibonelela ngozinzo ngexesha lokusebenza komhlaba. Izixhobo zokufika zihlala zikwazi ukurhoxa, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuphakanyiswa zingene kwi-fuselage yenqwelo-moya ngexesha lokubhabha ukuze kuncitshiswe ukutsalwa.
Inkqubo yezixhobo zokufikela ibandakanya izinto ezibalulekileyo ezininzi, nganye inomsebenzi othile:
Izixhobo Eziphambili Zokuhla: Izixhobo eziphambili zokuhla ziphantsi kwamaphiko kwaye zixhasa uninzi lobunzima benqwelo-moya. Ziqulathe ivili elinye okanye ngaphezulu eliqhotyoshelwe kwiintambo ezisezantsi ukusuka kumaphiko okanye kwi-fuselage.
Izixhobo Zokuhla Empumlweni: Izixhobo zokuhla empumlweni ziphantsi kwempumlo yenqwelo-moya kwaye zixhasa umphambili wenqwelo-moya xa isemhlabeni. Ngokwesiqhelo iqulathe ivili elinye eliqhotyoshelwe kwi-strut ehla ukusuka kwi-fuselage yenqwelo-moya.
Izifunxi Zokothuka: Iinkqubo zezixhobo zokufika zihlala ziquka izifunxi zokothuka ukuze zithomalalise impembelelo yokufika nokutsiba kwiindawo ezirhabaxa. Ezi zifunxi zinceda ekukhuseleni isakhiwo kunye nezinto zenqwelo-moya ekonakaleni.
Indlela Yokurhoxa: Indlela yokubuyisela izixhobo zokufika ivumela izixhobo zokufika ukuba ziphakanyiswe kwi-fuselage yenqwelo-moya ngexesha lokubhabha. Le ndlela ingabandakanya ii-hydraulic okanye ii-electric actuators eziphakamisa kwaye zehlisa izixhobo zokufika.
Inkqubo yokuQhekeza: Izixhobo zokufika zixhotyiswe ngeebhuleki ezivumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba anciphise isantya aze amise inqwelo-moya ngexesha lokufika nokuthatha iteksi. Inkqubo yokuqhokeza ingabandakanya izinto ze-hydraulic okanye ze-pneumatic ezifaka uxinzelelo kumavili ukuze zinciphise isantya.
Indlela Yokuqhuba: Ezinye iinqwelo-moya zinendlela yokuqhuba empumlweni yegiya yokufika evumela umqhubi ukuba aqhube inqwelo-moya ngelixa isemhlabeni. Le ndlela idla ngokuqhagamshelwa kwiipedali zerudder zenqwelo-moya.
Lilonke, izixhobo zokufikela ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwenqwelo-moya, nto leyo evumela ukuba isebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo emhlabeni. Uyilo nolwakhiwo lweenkqubo zezixhobo zokufikela luxhomekeke kwimigaqo nemigangatho engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokubhabha.
IiGiya zoThutho lweHelikopta
Iigiya zokuhambisa ihelikopta zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhambisa ihelikopta, ezinoxanduva lokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kwirotor ephambili kunye nerotor yomsila. Ezi giya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpawu zokubhabha kwehelikopta, ezifana nokuphakanyiswa, ukutyhalwa, kunye nokuzinza. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo kwiigiya zokuhambisa ihelikopta:
kubalulekile ekudluliseleni amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kwirotor ephambili. Iindidi zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwiitransmission zehelikopta ziquka:Iigiya zeBevelTshintsha indlela yokudlulisela umbane Iigiya zeSpur: Nceda ugcine isantya serotor sihambelanayoIzixhobo zeplanethi: Vumela ulungelelwaniso lwegiya oluhlengahlengiswayo, oluphucula uzinzo kunye nolawulo ngexesha lokubhabha
Uthumelo oluPhambili lweRotor: Iigiya eziphambili zothumelo lwerotor zidlulisela amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kwishaft ephambili yerotor, eqhuba iiblade eziphambili zerotor. Ezi giya zenzelwe ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kunye nesantya kwaye kufuneka zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa uthumelo oluhamba kakuhle nolusebenzayo.
Ukuhanjiswa kweRotor yoMsila: Iigiya zokuhambisa iRotor yoMsila zidlulisela amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kwi-tail rotor shaft, elawula ukugoba kwehelikopta okanye intshukumo yayo ecaleni. Ezi giya zihlala zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kuneegiya eziphambili zokuhambisa iRotor kodwa kufuneka ziqine kwaye zithembeke.
Ukunciphisa iiGear: IiGear zokudlulisa iiHelikopta zihlala ziquka iinkqubo zokunciphisa iiGear ukuze zihambelane nomphumo wesantya esiphezulu senjini kunye nesantya esiphantsi esifunekayo ziirotor eziphambili kunye neerotor zasemva. Oku kunciphisa isantya kuvumela iirotor ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungasebenzi kakuhle koomatshini.
Izinto Ezinamandla Aphezulu: Izixhobo zokuhambisa ihelikopta zihlala zenziwe ngezinto ezinamandla aphezulu, njengentsimbi eqinileyo okanye i-titanium, ukuze zimelane nemithwalo ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo oludibana nalo ngexesha lokusebenza.
Inkqubo Yokuthambisa: Iigiya zokuhambisa ihelikopta zifuna inkqubo yokuthambisa enobuchule ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokunciphisa ukuguguleka. I-lubricant kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kwaye inike ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo ekungqubaneni nasekuboleni.
Ukugcinwa Nokuhlolwa: Izixhobo zokuhambisa ihelikopta zifuna ukulungiswa nokuhlolwa rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Naziphi na iimpawu zokuguguleka okanye umonakalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle koomatshini.
Lilonke, izixhobo zokuhambisa iihelikopta zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kweehelikopta. Kufuneka ziyilwe, zenziwe, kwaye zigcinwe kumgangatho ophezulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokubhabha.
Izixhobo zokunciphisa iTurboprop
Isixhobo sokunciphisa i-turboprop siyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwiinjini ze-turboprop, ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kwiinqwelomoya ukubonelela ngesantya esiphezulu. Isixhobo sokunciphisa sinoxanduva lokunciphisa amandla okukhupha i-turbine yenjini ngesantya esiphezulu ukuya kwisantya esiphantsi esifanelekileyo ukuqhuba i-propeller ngokufanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo zesixhobo sokunciphisa i-turboprop:
Umlinganiselo Wokunciphisa: Isixhobo sokunciphisa sinciphisa ukujikeleza kwesantya esiphezulu kwe-turbine yenjini, okunokudlula amashumi amawaka eenguqu ngomzuzu (RPM), ukuya kwisantya esiphantsi esifanelekileyo kwi-propeller. Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa udla ngokuba phakathi kwe-10:1 kunye ne-20:1, oko kuthetha ukuba i-propeller ijikeleza kwishumi ukuya kwishumi elinesibini lesantya se-turbine.
Inkqubo yeZixhobo zePlaneti: Iigiya zokunciphisa iTurboprop zihlala zisebenzisa inkqubo yegiya yeplanethi, equlathe igiya yelanga ephakathi, iigiya zeplanethi, kunye negiya yendandatho. Le nkqubo ivumela ukunciphisa iigiya ezincinci nezisebenzayo ngelixa isasaza umthwalo ngokulinganayo phakathi kweegiya.
I-High-Speed Input Shaft: I-reducement gear iqhagamshelwe kwi-high-speed output shaft ye-turbine yenjini. Le shaft ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye kufuneka yenzelwe ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu abangelwa yi-turbine.
I-Shaft Yokukhupha Isantya Esiphantsi: I-shaft yokukhupha yegiya yokunciphisa iqhagamshelwe kwi-propeller kwaye ijikeleza ngesantya esiphantsi kune-shaft yokufaka. Le shaft idlulisela isantya esinciphileyo kunye ne-torque kwi-propeller, ivumela ukuba ivelise i-thrust.
Iibheringi kunye nokuthambisa: Iigiya zokunciphisa i-Turboprop zifuna iibheringi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neenkqubo zokuthambisa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthe tye nokuthembekileyo. Iibheringi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nesantya esiphezulu kunye nemithwalo, ngelixa inkqubo yokuthambisa kufuneka ibonelele ngokuthambisa okwaneleyo ukunciphisa ukungqubana kunye nokuguga.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokusebenza kakuhle: Uyilo lwezixhobo zokunciphisa lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenjini ye-turboprop. Izixhobo zokunciphisa ezilungiselelwe kakuhle zingaphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli, zinciphise ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela, kwaye zonyuse ubomi benjini kunye nepropeller.
Lilonke, izixhobo zokunciphisa i-turboprop ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeenjini ze-turboprop, ezivumela ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo ngelixa zibonelela ngamandla afunekayo okuqhutywa kweenqwelo moya.
Izixhobo zezolimo ezingaphezulu apho iBelon Gears
