Isixhobo sokuNcitshiswa kwePropeller
Isixhobo sokunciphisa i-propeller licandelo elibalulekileyo kwinqwelomoya exhotyiswe ngeenjini zepiston okanye iinjini ze-turboprop. Umsebenzi wayo oyintloko kukunciphisa isantya esiphezulu sokujikeleza kwe-injini ukuya kwisantya esisezantsi esifanelekileyo ukuqhuba i-propeller ngokufanelekileyo. Oku kuncipha kwesantya kuvumela i-propeller ukuba iguqule amandla e-injini ibe yi-thrush ngokufanelekileyo, iphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo.
Isixhobo sokunciphisa i-propeller sineegiya ezininzi, kubandakanywa igiya yokuqhuba eqhagamshelwe kwi-crankshaft ye-injini kunye negiya eqhutywayo encanyathiselwe kwi-propeller shaft. Ezi giya zihlala ziyi-helical okanye i-spur gears kwaye ziyilelwe ukuba zibe nemesh ngokutyibilikayo ukuhambisa amandla ngokufanelekileyo.
Kwinqwelo-moya esebenza ngepiston, umlinganiselo wegiya yokunciphisa uqhelekile ukumalunga ne-0.5 ukuya ku-0.6, okuthetha ukuba ipropeller ijikeleza malunga nesiqingatha okanye ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesantya senjini. Oku kuncitshiswa kwesantya kuvumela i-propeller ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo, ivelisa i-thrust ngengxolo encinci kunye nokungcangcazela.
Kwinqwelo-moya ye-turboprop, igiya yokunciphisa isetyenziselwa ukutshatisa isantya esiphezulu se-injini ye-injini yomoya kwisantya esisezantsi sokujikeleza esifunwa yi-propeller. Le gear yokunciphisa ivumela ii-injini ze-turboprop ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kuluhlu olubanzi lwezantya, zizenze zilungele iindidi zeenqwelomoya kunye nemisebenzi.
Ngokubanzi, igiya yokunciphisa i-propeller licandelo elibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokuqhubela phambili inqwelomoya, evumela iinjini ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokuzolileyo ngelixa zibonelela ngoxinzelelo olufunekayo lokubhabha.
Isixhobo sokuHlalisa
Isixhobo sokumisa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenqwelomoya eyivumela ukuba induluke, ihlale phantsi, kwaye iiteksi emhlabeni. Iqulethwe ngamavili, i-struts, kunye nezinye iindlela ezixhasa ubunzima benqwelo-moya kwaye zinike uzinzo ngexesha lokusebenza komhlaba. Isixhobo sokumisa siqhele ukurhoxiswa, okuthetha ukuba sinokunyuselwa kwi-fuselage yenqwelomoya ngexesha lokubhabha ukunciphisa ukutsala.
Inkqubo yegiya yokumisa ibandakanya izinto ezininzi eziphambili, nganye isebenzela umsebenzi othile:
Isixhobo sokuHlalisa esiPhambili: Isixhobo sokumisa esiphambili sibekwe phantsi kwamaphiko kwaye sixhasa ubuninzi bobunzima benqwelomoya. Iqulathe ivili elinye okanye ngaphezulu ezincanyathiselwe kwi struts ukuya ezantsi ukusuka emaphikweni okanye fuselage.
IsiXhobo sokuHlalisa impumlo: Isixhobo sokumisa impumlo sibekwe phantsi kwempumlo yenqwelo-moya kwaye sixhasa umphambili wenqwelo-moya xa isemhlabeni. Ngokuqhelekileyo ibandakanya ivili elinye elidityaniswe kwi-strut ehla isuka kwi-fuselage yenqwelomoya.
I-Shock Absorbers: Iisistim zezixhobo zokumisa zihlala zibandakanya izinto zokufunxa ukothuka ukuthoba impembelelo yokumisa kunye nokukhwela iteksi kwindawo erhabaxa. Ezi zinto zifunxayo zinceda ekukhuseleni ubume benqwelo-moya kunye namalungu ayo ekonakalisweni.
Indlela yokuBuyisa: Indlela yokurhoxisa igiya yokumisa ivumela ukuba isixhobo sokumisa siphakanyiswe kwifuselage yenqwelomoya ngexesha lokubhabha. Lo matshini unokubandakanya i-hydraulic okanye i-actuator yombane ephakamisa kwaye ihlise igiya lokumisa.
Inkqubo yeBraking: Isixhobo sokumisa sixhotyiswe ngeziqhoboshi ezivumela umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ukuba acothise kwaye ayimise inqwelo-moya ngexesha lokumisa nokukhwela iteksi. Inkqubo ye-braking inokubandakanya i-hydraulic okanye i-pneumatic components ezifaka uxinzelelo kwiivili ukuze zicothise.
Indlela yokuqhuba: Ezinye iinqwelo-moya zinesixhobo sokuqhuba kwisixhobo sokumisa impumlo esivumela umqhubi ukuba aqhube inqwelo-moya ngoxa esemhlabeni. Lo matshini udla ngokudityaniswa neepedali zenqwelo-moya
Lilonke, izixhobo zokumisa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoyilo lwenqwelomoya, eyivumela ukuba isebenze ngokukhuselekileyo nangempumelelo emhlabeni. Uyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kweenkqubo zezixhobo zokumisa zixhomekeke kwimimiselo engqongqo kunye nemigangatho yokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yenqwelomoya.
Iigiya zoThutho lweHelikopta
Iigiya zothumelo lwehelikopta ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yothumelo yenqwelo-ntaka, enoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwirotor engundoqo kunye ne-rotor yomsila. Ezi zixhobo zinendima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni iimpawu zokubhabha kwenqwelo-moya, njengokuphakamisa, ukutyhala nokuzinza. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yezixhobo zokuhambisa inqwelomoya:
kubalulekile ekugqithiseni amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwi-rotor engundoqo. Iintlobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kuthutho lwenqwelomoya ziquka:Iigiya zeBevelGuqula isalathiso sokuhanjiswa kwamandla e-Spur gears: Nceda ugcine isantya se-rotor esingaguqukiyoIzixhobo zeplanethi: Vumela ukulungelelaniswa kweegiya ezilungelelanisiweyo, eziphucula uzinzo kunye nolawulo ngexesha lokuhamba
I-Main Rotor Transmission: Izixhobo eziphambili zokuhambisa i-rotor zidlulisela amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwi-rotor shaft enkulu, eqhuba ii-rotor blades eziphambili. Ezi zixhobo ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane nemithwalo ephezulu kunye nezantya kwaye kufuneka zenziwe ngobunjineli ngokuchanekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okugudileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
I-Tail Rotor Transmission: Iigiya zokuhanjiswa kwe-rotor yomsila zidlulisela amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwi-rotor shaft yomsila, elawula i-yaw ye-helicopter okanye intshukumo yecala ukuya kwelinye. Ezi giya zihlala zincinci kwaye zikhaphukhaphu kuneegiya eziphambili zokuhambisa i-rotor kodwa kufuneka zihlale zomelele kwaye zithembekile.
Ukuncitshiswa kweGear: Iigiya zokuhambisa i-helicopter zihlala zibandakanya iinkqubo zokunciphisa izixhobo ukuze zihambelane nesantya esiphezulu se-injini ukuya kwisantya esisezantsi esifunwa yi-rotors eziphambili kunye nomsila. Oku kuncitshiswa kwesantya kuvumela i-rotors ukuba isebenze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli komatshini.
Izinto zoMmandla oPhezulu: Izixhobo zokuhambisa i-helicopter ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe kwizinto eziphezulu eziphezulu, ezifana nentsimbi eqinile okanye i-titanium, ukumelana nemithwalo ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo olufunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza.
I-Lubrication System: Iigiya zokuhambisa i-Helicopter zifuna inkqubo yokuthambisa ephucukileyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa ukunxiba. I-lubricant kufuneka ikwazi ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kwaye ibonelele ngokhuseleko olwaneleyo kwi-friction kunye nokuhlwa.
Ukugcinwa kunye noHlolo: Izixhobo zokuhambisa i-helicopter zifuna ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo. Naziphi na iimpawu zokuguga okanye umonakalo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela ukusilela okunokwenzeka koomatshini.
Ngokubanzi, izixhobo zokuhambisa i-helicopter zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezinegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwee-helicopter. Kufuneka ziyilwe, zenziwe, kwaye zigcinwe ngokweyona migangatho iphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokubhabha.
Isixhobo sokuNcitshiswa kweTurboprop
Igiya yokunciphisa i-turboprop licandelo elibalulekileyo kwiinjini ze-turboprop, ezidla ngokusetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya ukunika ipropulsion. Isixhobo sokunciphisa sinoxanduva lokunciphisa ukuphuma kwesantya esiphezulu se-injini yomoya ukuya kwisantya esisezantsi esilungele ukuqhuba i-propeller ngokufanelekileyo. Nantsi eminye imiba ephambili yezixhobo zokunciphisa i-turboprop:
Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa: Isixhobo sokunciphisa sinciphisa ukujikeleza kwe-injini ye-injini ye-injini, enokuthi idlule amashumi amawaka ngomzuzu (RPM), ukuya kwisantya esisezantsi esifanelekileyo kwi-propeller. Umlinganiselo wokunciphisa uqhelekile phakathi kwe-10:1 kunye ne-20:1, okuthetha ukuba ipropeller ijikeleza kwishumi ukuya kwishumi lamashumi amabini esantya seinjini yomoya.
Isixokelelwano seGear yePlanethi: Iigiya zokunciphisa iTurboprop zihlala zisebenzisa inkqubo yegiya yeplanethi, equlathe igiya lelanga eliphakathi, iigiya zeplanethi, kunye negiya leringi. Le nkqubo ivumela ukunciphisa i-compact kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngelixa uhambisa umthwalo ngokulinganayo phakathi kwezixhobo.
I-High-Speed Input Shaft: Isixhobo sokunciphisa siqhagamshelwe kwi-shaft ye-high-speed output shaft ye-injini ye-injini. Le shaft ijikeleza ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye kufuneka iyilwe ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye namaqondo obushushu enziwa yiinjini yomoya.
I-Shaft ye-Speed Output Shaft: I-shaft ye-output ye-gear yokunciphisa ixhunyiwe kwi-propeller kwaye ijikeleza ngesantya esisezantsi kune-shaft yokufaka. Le shaft idlulisela isantya esincitshisiweyo kunye ne-torque kwi-propeller, ukuyivumela ukuba yenze i-thrust.
Ukuthwala kunye nokuthambisa: Iigiya zokunciphisa iTurboprop zifuna umgangatho ophezulu wokuthwala kunye neenkqubo zokuthambisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kakuhle nokuthembekileyo. Iibheringi kufuneka zikwazi ukumelana nesantya esiphezulu kunye nemithwalo, ngelixa inkqubo yokuthambisa kufuneka inike i-lubrication eyaneleyo ukunciphisa ukukhuhla kunye nokugqoka.
Ukucikideka kunye nokuSebenza: Uyilo lwegiya yokunciphisa lubalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokupheleleyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-injini ye-turboprop. Igiya yokunciphisa eyilwe kakuhle inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, ukunciphisa ingxolo kunye nokungcangcazela, kunye nokwandisa ubomi be-injini kunye ne-propeller.
Lilonke, igiya yokunciphisa i-turboprop licandelo elibalulekileyo leenjini ze-turboprop, ezivumela ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembeka ngelixa zibonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko okuqhuba inqwelomoya.
IziXhobo ezongezelelekileyo zezoLimo apho iBelon Gears
