I-China lilizwe elikhulu lemveliso, ngakumbi eliqhutywa liza lophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe, amashishini anxulumene nemveliso yaseTshayina azuze iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu. Kwishishini loomatshini,izixhobongawona macandelo asisiseko abalulekileyo nayimfuneko, asetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoqoqosho lwesizwe. Uphuhliso olomeleleyo lweshishini lemveliso laseTshayina luqhube inkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo yoshishino lwezixhobo.

Okwangoku, ukusungulwa okuzimeleyo kuye kwaba ngumxholo ophambili weizixhobo ishishini, kwaye lingenise ixesha lokuhlenga-hlengisa. Kule mihla, ukwenziwa ngobukrelekrele kuye kwaba ngumgaqo-nkqubo omtsha okhuthazwa ngurhulumente. Umzi-mveliso wegiya uneempawu zokumisela umgangatho kunye neebhetshi ezinkulu, kwaye kulula ukuyiqonda inguquko ukuya kwicala elikrelekrele. Kunokuthiwa eyona ngxaki inkulu yamashishini akhoyo avelisa izixhobo sisidingo esingxamisekileyo sokutshintsha imo yemveliso kunye nokuphucula inqanaba lokuzenzela kwefektri.

Okokuqala, imeko yophuhliso lweshishini lezixhobo zaseTshayina

Ishishini lezixhobo lelona shishini lisisiseko semveliso yezixhobo zaseTshayina. Inenqanaba eliphezulu lonxulumano lwemizi-mveliso, ukufunxa ingqesho eyomeleleyo, kunye nenkunzi yobugcisa obunzulu. Sisiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo soshishino lokwenziwa kwezixhobo ukuphumeza uphuculo lwemizi-mveliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yobuchwepheshe.

Emva kweminyaka engama-30 yophuhliso, iTshayinaizixhobo ishishini liye ladityaniswa ngokupheleleyo kwinkqubo yenkxaso yehlabathi, kwaye lenze eyona nkqubo yemizi-mveliso epheleleyo ehlabathini. Ithe ngokwembali yayiqonda inguqu ukusuka kwinqanaba elisezantsi ukuya esiphelweni, inkqubo yetekhnoloji yegiya kunye nenkqubo yomgangatho wetekhnoloji eyenziweyo. Izithuthuthu, iimoto, amandla omoya kunye namashishini oomatshini bokwakha aqhuba uphuhliso loshishino lwezixhobo zelizwe lam. Iqhutywa ngala mashishini anxulumeneyo, isikali sengeniso yeshishini lezixhobo sibonisa ukukhula okukhawulezayo, kwaye isikali soshishino lwezixhobo siyaqhubeka nokukhula. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ngo-2016, ixabiso lentengiso yemveliso yelizwe lam malunga ne-230 yebhiliyoni ye-yuan, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala emhlabeni. Ngo-2017, ixabiso lemveliso yeemveliso zegiya lifikelele kwi-236 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-7.02%, kubalwa malunga ne-61% yexabiso lilonke lemveliso yamacandelo omatshini ngokubanzi.

Ngokusetyenziswa kwemveliso, ishishini lezixhobo linokwahlulwa libe ngamacandelo amathathu: iigiya zezithuthi, izixhobo zoshishino kunye nezixhobo ezithile; izicelo zemveliso yezixhobo zemoto ziquka iimoto ezahlukeneyo, izithuthuthu, oomatshini bokwakha, oomatshini bezolimo kunye neenqwelo zomkhosi, njl.njl.; usetyenziso lwemveliso yezixhobo zemveliso, Amabala ezixhobo zemizi mveliso abandakanya elwandle, imigodi, isinyithi, inqwelomoya, amandla ombane, njl.

Kwimarike enkulu yezixhobo zaseTshayina, isabelo sentengiso yezixhobo zemoto sifikelela kuma-62%, kwaye izixhobo zemizi-mveliso zibalelwa kuma-38%. Phakathi kwazo, iigiya zeemoto zibalelwa kuma-62% eegiya zezithuthi, oko kukuthi, i-38% yemalike yegiya iyonke, kunye nezinye iigiya zezithuthi zijongana nezixhobo zizonke. I-24% yemarike.

Ngokwembono yemveliso, kukho ngaphezu kwe-5,000 yamashishini okuvelisa izixhobo, amashishini angaphezu kwe-1,000 ngaphezulu kobukhulu obumiselweyo, kunye namashishini angundoqo angaphezu kwama-300. Ngokwebakala leemveliso zegiya, umlinganiselo wemveliso ephezulu, ephakathi kunye nesezantsi imalunga nama-35%, 35% kunye nama-30%;

Ngokwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, “uLudwe lweSicwangciso soPhuhliso seNzululwazi neTeknoloji yeXesha eliPhakathi neLide (2006-2020)”, “iSicwangciso soLungiso kunye noHlaziyo loShishino lokuVelisa iziXhobo”, “Isicwangciso seMinyaka emihlanu yeMinyaka emiHlanu kuMacandelo aSisiseko oomatshini, iSiseko soMveliso. IThekhnoloji kunye neSiseko seMathiriyeli yeSiseko" "iSicwangciso soPhuhliso" kunye "neZikhokelo zokuPhunyezwa kweeProjekthi eziSiseko eziQhelekileyo kwiShishini (2016-2020)” zikhutshwe ngokulandelelanayo, ezidlale indima enkulu ekukhuthazeni itekhnoloji yezixhobo kunye nophando lwemveliso kunye nophuhliso kunye noshishino lwabo.

Ngokwembono yabathengi, iigiya zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiimoto ezahlukeneyo, izithuthuthu, izithuthi zezolimo, izixhobo zokuvelisa umbane, izixhobo zokwakha zentsimbi, oomatshini bokwakha, iinqanawa, izixhobo zokuhamba ngololiwe kunye neerobhothi. Ezi zixhobo zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu nangaphezulu, ukuthembeka, ukusebenza kakuhle kokuhanjiswa kunye nobomi obude benkonzo yeegiya kunye neeyunithi zegiya. Ngokombono wexabiso leegiya (kubandakanywa nezixhobo zezixhobo), iigiya ezahlukeneyo zezithuthi zithatha ngaphezu kwe-60%, kunye nezinye iigiya zithatha ngaphantsi kwe-40%. Ngo-2017, abavelisi beemoto ezahlukeneyo bavelise kwaye bathengisa malunga ne-29 yezigidi zezithuthi, ezixhotyiswe nge-manual transmission, transmissions, drive axles kunye nezinye iimveliso zegiya ezimalunga ne-140 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ngo-2017, i-126.61GW yomthamo omtsha wokuvelisa amandla wongezwa kwilizwe lonke. Phakathi kwazo, i-45.1GW yomthamo ofakelweyo wombane oshushu ofakiweyo, i-9.13GW yomthamo ofakelweyo wombane, i-16.23GW yamandla omoya aqhagamshelwe kwigridi, i-53.99GW yombane welanga oqhagamshelwe kwigridi, kunye ne-2.16GW yomthamo ofakelweyo wamandla enyukliya ziye zongezwa ngokutsha. Ezi zixhobo zokuvelisa amandla zixhotyiswe ngeemveliso zegiya ezifana neebhokisi zegiya ezonyusa isantya kunye nezinciphisi zeebhiliyoni zeeyuan.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenkxaso yemigaqo-nkqubo kunye neemali, amandla okuvelisa izinto ezintsha kwishishini aphuculwe kakhulu. Amanye amashishini aphambili kushishino aseke amaqonga e-R&D avelisa izinto ezintsha afana namaziko etekhnoloji yeshishini lesizwe, iindawo zokusebenzela zasemva kobugqirha, iindawo zokusebenzela zabafundi, kunye namaziko ophando lwamashishini, abeka isiseko sophuhliso lobuchule. Inani lamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza liphezulu kwaye liphezulu, ngakumbi inani lamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza linyuke kakhulu. Impumelelo enkulu yenziwe kwimpumelelo yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji, kunye nobugcisa bokwenza iimveliso zegiya eziphezulu ezinje ngemodyuli enkulu enamazinyo aqinileyo, iibhokisi zegiya zeplanethi ezinomthwalo omkhulu, kunye nokuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo kwe-8AT yokunyuswa kweenqanawa ezintathu zeGorges. ifikelele kwinqanaba eliphezulu lamazwe ngamazwe. Amashishini ahlukeneyo agxininise kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo ngokweempawu zabo kunye neenzuzo. Ishishini elinye lithatha umlinganiselo omncinci wesabelo semarike sisonke, kwaye intengiso yezixhobo zasekhaya iphantsi.

2. Indlela yophuhliso yexesha elizayo yoshishino lwezixhobo

Ukufakelwa kombane, ukuguquguquka, ubukrelekrele kunye nobunzima obulula ziindlela zophuhliso lweemveliso ezizayo, eziyimingeni kunye namathuba kwiinkampani zezixhobo zemveli.

Ukufakelwa kombane: Ukufakelwa kombane kuzisa imingeni kuthungelwano lwezixhobo zemveli. Ingxaki ezisa yona yile: kwelinye icala, ukuhanjiswa kwegiya yemveli kuphuculwa kwisakhiwo esilula nesikhaphukhaphu ngesantya esiphezulu, ingxolo ephantsi, ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nobomi obude. Kwelinye icala, ijongana nokuguqulwa kombane othe ngqo wokuqhuba ngaphandle kokuhanjiswa kwegiya. Ke ngoko, iinkampani zothumelo lwegiya zemveli akufuneki zifunde kuphela indlela yokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufakelwa kombane zolawulo lwengxolo yokuhanjiswa kwegiya ngesantya esiphezulu (≥15000rpm), zibambe amathuba okukhula kothumelo olutsha oluveliswa kukukhula okuqhushumbayo ngoku kombane. izithuthi, kodwa kwakhona ingqalelo kakhulu kwixesha elizayo. Isoyikiso soguquko lwetekhnoloji yokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo kombane ongenagearless kunye netekhnoloji yokuhambisa i-electromagnetic kuthumelo lwegiya yemveli kunye neshishini legiya.

Ukuba bhetyebhetye: Kwixesha elizayo, ukhuphiswano lwemarike luya kuba lunomdla ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye imfuno yeemveliso iya kuthandeka ukuba yahluke kwaye ibe yeyomntu, kodwa imfuno yemveliso enye isenokungabi nkulu kakhulu. Njengoshishino olusisiseko kwishishini lemveliso, ishishini lezixhobo kufuneka lijongane nemimandla emininzi esezantsi. Ukwahluka kokuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu. Ke ngoko, kuyafuneka ukuba amashishini aseke inkqubo yemveliso eguquguqukayo ukuze agqibezele imisebenzi yokuvelisa ibhetshi yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo ngohlengahlengiso lwezixhobo kumgca omnye wokuvelisa, ongafezekisiyo kuphela iimfuno ezahlukahlukeneyo zeentlobo ezininzi, kodwa nokunciphisa ixesha lokwehla kwezixhobo. umgca wokuhlanganisa kwaye uqaphela imveliso eguquguqukayo. ukwakha ukhuphiswano olungundoqo lwamashishini.

Intelligentization: Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kobuchwephesha bolawulo koomatshini kwenza ukuba umatshini ube ngokuzenzekelayo; usetyenziso olubanzi lwetekhnoloji yolawulo, itekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lolwazi, kunye nobuchwepheshe bothungelwano lwenza ukuba oomatshini kunye nemveliso babe nobukrelekrele. Kumashishini okuvelisa izixhobo zemveli, umceli mngeni yindlela yokwenza ubunjineli bombane, ubunjineli bombane, itekhnoloji yokulawula, itekhnoloji yenethiwekhi kunye nokudibanisa.

I-Lightweight: Izixhobo ezilula kunye namandla aphezulu, ukunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nokuguqulwa komphezulu kunye nokomelezwa kufuna intsebenziswano ye-cross-industry kunye ne-teknoloji ephezulu yokulinganisa.