I umphini wesixhoboyeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo exhasayo kunye nejikelezayo koomatshini bokwakha, abanokuqonda intshukumo ejikelezayo yeizixhobokunye namanye amacandelo, kwaye inokuhambisa itorque kunye namandla kumgama omde. Ineenzuzo zokuhanjiswa okuphezulu, ubomi benkonzo ende kunye nesakhiwo esincinci. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwaye ibe yenye yeendawo ezisisiseko zokuhanjiswa koomatshini bokwakha. Okwangoku, ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwasekhaya kunye nokwandiswa kweziseko zophuhliso, kuya kubakho imfuno entsha yoomatshini bokwakha. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ze-shaft yegiya, indlela yonyango lobushushu, ufakelo kunye nohlengahlengiso lwesixhobo somatshini, iiparamitha zenkqubo ye-hobbing, kunye nokutya konke kubaluleke kakhulu kumgangatho wokusetyenzwa kunye nobomi be-shaft yegiya. Eli phepha liqhuba uphando oluthile kwitekhnoloji yokucubungula i-shaft yegiya koomatshini bokwakha ngokwendlela yayo, kwaye iphakamisa uyilo oluhambelanayo lophuculo, olubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa eyomeleleyo yokuphucula itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-shaft yegiya yobunjineli.

Uhlalutyo kwi-Processing Technology yeUmphini weGearkoomatshini boKwakha

Ukwenza lula uphando, eli phepha likhetha i-shaft yegiya yokufakelwa kumatshini wokwakha, oko kukuthi, iindawo zeshaft ezinyathelweyo eziqhelekileyo, ezenziwe nge-splines, umphezulu ojikelezayo, umphezulu we-arc, amagxa, iigrooves, iigrooves, iigiya kunye nezinye ezahlukeneyo. iifom. Umphezulu wejometri kunye nokwakheka kwezinto zejometri. Iimfuno ezichanekileyo zeeshafu zegiya zihlala ziphezulu ngokwentelekiso, kwaye ubunzima bokulungisa bukhulu kakhulu, ke ngoko amanye amakhonkco abalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokusetyenzwa kufuneka akhethwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ahlalutywe, njengezinto eziphathekayo, i-splines yangaphandle, i-benchmarks, iprofayili yezinyo, unyango lobushushu. , njl. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho kunye neendleko zokuqhuba i-shaft gear, iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo eziphambili ekuqhutyweni kwe-gear shaft zihlalutywa ngezantsi.

Ukukhethwa kwezintoumphini wesixhobo

I-Gear shafts kumatshini wokuhambisa ngokuqhelekileyo yenziwe nge-45 yentsimbi kwi-carbon steel high-quality, i-40Cr, i-20CrMnTi kwintsimbi ye-alloy, njl. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ihlangabezana neemfuno zamandla ezinto eziphathekayo, kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kulungile, kwaye ixabiso lifanelekile. .

Ubuchwephesha bomatshini oburhabaxa be umphini wesixhobo

Ngenxa yeemfuno zamandla aphezulu kwi-shaft ye-gear, ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ejikelezayo yokucoca ngokuthe ngqo kudla izinto ezininzi kunye nomsebenzi, ngoko ke ukubunjwa ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa njengezinto ezingenanto, kunye nokufowunelwa kwamahhala kungasetyenziselwa i-shafts yegesi enobukhulu obukhulu; Die forgings; ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iigiya ezincinci zinokwenziwa zibe yinto engenanto edityanisiweyo neshaft. Ngexesha lokuvelisa okungenanto, ukuba i-forging blank yi-forging yamahhala, ukuqhutyelwa kwayo kufuneka kulandele umgangatho we-GB/T15826; ukuba isithuba esingenanto yi-die forging, isibonelelo somatshini kufuneka silandele umgangatho wenkqubo ye-GB/T12362. Ukwenza izinto ezingenanto kufuneka kuthintele iziphene zokubumba ezifana neenkozo ezingalinganiyo, iintanda, kunye neentanda, kwaye kufuneka zivavanywe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yovavanyo lwesizwe olufanelekileyo.

Unyango lokuqala lobushushu kunye nenkqubo yokuguqula izinto ezingenanto

Izikhewu ezineentsimbi ezininzi zegiya ubukhulu becala bukumgangatho ophezulu wekhabhoni yentsimbi kunye nentsimbi yealloy. Ukuze kwandiswe ubulukhuni bezinto kunye nokuququzelela ukusetyenzwa, unyango lobushushu luthatha unyango oluqhelekileyo lobushushu, ezizezi: inkqubo yesiqhelo, ubushushu be-960 ℃, ukupholisa umoya, kunye nexabiso lobulukhuni lihlala li-HB170-207. Ukunyangwa kobushushu obuqhelekileyo kunokuba nefuthe lokusulungekisa iinkozo zokubumba, ubume bekristale obufanayo, kunye nokuphelisa uxinzelelo lokubumba, olubeka isiseko sonyango olulandelayo lobushushu.

Eyona njongo iphambili yokujika ngokurhabaxa kukusika isibonelelo somatshini kumphezulu ongenanto, kwaye ukulandelelana komatshini womgangatho ophambili kuxhomekeke ekukhethweni kwereferensi yokubeka inxalenye. Iimpawu zeendawo ze-gear shaft ngokwabo kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka kwendawo nganye zichaphazeleka kwireferensi yokubeka. Iindawo zeshaft yegiya zihlala zisebenzisa i-axis njengesalathiso sokumisa, ukuze ireferensi idityaniswe kwaye ihambelane nereferensi yoyilo. Kwimveliso yokwenyani, isangqa sangaphandle sisetyenziswa njengesalathiso sokuma okurhabaxa, imingxunya ephezulu kuzo zombini iziphelo zeshaft yegiya isetyenziswa njengesalathiso esichanekileyo sokubeka, kwaye impazamo ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-1/3 ukuya kwi-1/5 yempazamo yobukhulu. .

Emva kokulungiswa kobushushu bokulungiselela, isithuba esingenanto siphendulwe okanye sigalelwe kumacala omabini asekupheleni (alungelelaniswe ngokomgca), kwaye ke imingxuma esembindini kwiziphelo zombini iphawulwe, kwaye imingxuma esembindini kwiziphelo zombini igrunjwa, kwaye ke isangqa sangaphandle. inokuba rhabaxa.

ITekhnoloji yoMachining yokuGqiba isangqa sangaphandle

Inkqubo yokuguqula kakuhle ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: isangqa sangaphandle siguqulwe ngokucokisekileyo ngesiseko semingxuma ephezulu kwiziphelo zombini ze-gear shaft. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa ngokwenene, i-gear shafts iveliswa kwiibhetshi. Ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nomgangatho wokusetyenzwa kweeshafu zegiya, ukujika kwe-CNC ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswa, ukuze umgangatho wokusetyenzwa kwazo zonke izinto zokusebenza ulawuleke ngenkqubo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye, kuqinisekisiwe UkuSebenza kwebhetshi. .

Amacandelo agqityiweyo angacinywa kwaye agxininiswe ngokwendawo yokusebenza kunye neemfuno zobugcisa zamacandelo, ezinokuthi zibe sisiseko sokucima umphezulu olandelayo kunye nonyango lwe-nitriding yomhlaba, kunye nokunciphisa ukuguqulwa konyango lomhlaba. Ukuba uyilo alufuni ukucinywa kunye nonyango olushushu, lunokungena ngokuthe ngqo kwinkqubo yokubhoboza.

ITekhnoloji yoMachining yeGear Shaft Izinyo kunye neSpline

Kwinkqubo yokuhanjiswa koomatshini bokwakha, iigiya kunye ne-splines zizinto eziphambili zokuhambisa amandla kunye ne-torque, kwaye zifuna ukuchaneka okuphezulu. Iigiya zihlala zisebenzisa ibakala lesi-7-9 ngokuchaneka. Ngeegiya ezinomgangatho we-9 ngokuchanekileyo, zombini izisiki zegiya kunye nezisiki zokubunjwa kwegiya zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zegiya, kodwa ukuchaneka komatshini wabasiki begiya baphezulu kakhulu kunokubunjwa kwegiya, kwaye kuyafana nokusebenza kakuhle; Iigiya ezifuna ukuchaneka kwebanga lesi-8 zinokujojwa okanye zichetywe kuqala, zize ke zilungiswe ngamazinyo etruss; kwibanga lesi-7 leegiya ezichanekileyo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokucwangcisa kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokobungakanani bebhetshi. Ukuba ibhetshi encinci okanye isiqwenga esisodwa Ukuveliswa, kunokucutshungulwa ngokuhambelana ne-hobbing (grooving), ngoko ngokufudumeza okuphezulu kwe-frequency induction kunye nokucima kunye nezinye iindlela zokunyanga komhlaba, kwaye ekugqibeleni ngenkqubo yokugaya ukufezekisa iimfuno ezichanekileyo. ; ukuba kukusetyenzwa komgangatho omkhulu, kuqale kuchetywe, emva koko kuchetywe. , kwaye emva koko i-high-frequency induction heat and quenching, kwaye ekugqibeleni i-honing. Iigiya ezineemfuno zokucima, kufuneka zicutshungulwe kwinqanaba eliphezulu kunezinga lokuchaneka komatshini elifunwa yimizobo.

I-splines ye-shaft yegiya ngokubanzi ineentlobo ezimbini: i-splines exande kunye ne-involute splines. Kwii-splines ezineemfuno ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo, amazinyo aqengqelekayo kunye namazinyo okugaya asetyenziswa. Okwangoku, i-involute splines zezona zisetyenziswa kwintsimi yoomatshini bokwakha, kunye ne-angle yoxinzelelo lwe-30 °. Nangona kunjalo, itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-splines ye-shaft yegiya enkulu inzima kwaye ifuna umatshini wokusila okhethekileyo wokusetyenzwa; Ukusetyenzwa kwebhetshi encinci kunokusebenzisa I-indexing plate icutshungulwa ngumchwephesha okhethekileyo ngomatshini wokugaya.

Ingxoxo malunga neTekhnoloji yoNyango lweZinyo okanye iTekhnoloji yokuCima uMphezulu oBalulekileyo

Umphezulu weshafu yegiya kunye nomphezulu wedayamitha ye-shaft ebalulekileyo ihlala ifuna unyango olungaphezulu, kwaye iindlela zokonyango lomphezulu zibandakanya unyango lwe-carburizing kunye nokucinywa komphezulu. Injongo yokuqina komphezulu kunye nonyango lwe-carburizing kukwenza umphezulu we-shaft ube nobunzima obuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba. Amandla, ukuqina kunye neplastikhi, amazinyo ahlala e-spline, i-grooves, njl.n nikela ingqalelo kwimpembelelo yezinto ezifana nobushushu bokulawula, isantya sokupholisa, isithuba sokupholisa, njl. Emva kokucima, khangela ukuba igobile okanye ikhubazekile. Ukuba i-deformation inkulu, kufuneka icinezelwe kwaye ibekwe ukuze iphinde iguqulwe.

Uhlalutyo lweZiko lokuSila umngxuma kunye nezinye iiNkqubo eziBalulekileyo zokuQeda uMphezulu

Emva kokuba i-shaft yegiya iphathwe ngomphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukugawula imingxuma ephezulu kuzo zombini iziphelo, kwaye usebenzise umgangatho womhlaba njengesalathiso esihle sokugaya ezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zangaphandle kunye nobuso bokugqibela. Ngokufanayo, ukusebenzisa imingxunya ephezulu kwiziphelo zombini njengesalathiso esihle, gqiba ukwenza izixhobo ezibalulekileyo kufutshane negroove de iimfuno zomzobo zifezekiswe.

Uhlahlelo lweNkqubo yokuGqibela yoMphezulu wezinyo

Ukugqitywa kwendawo yezinyo kwakhona kuthatha imingxuma ephezulu kwiziphelo zombini njengereferensi yokugqiba, kunye nokugaya indawo yezinyo kunye nezinye iindawo de iimfuno zokuchaneka zifezekiswe ekugqibeleni.

Ngokubanzi, indlela yokucutshungulwa kweeshafti zegiya zoomatshini bokwakha zezi: ukugquma, ukubumba, ukwenziwa kwesiqhelo, ukujika ngokurhabaxa, ukujika kakuhle, ukurhabula, ukugoba kakuhle, ukugaya, ukugxothwa kwe-spline, ukucima umphezulu okanye ukungcwatywa, ukugawula umngxuma osembindini, umphezulu obalulekileyo ongaphandle kunye ukugqiba ubuso bokugaya Iimveliso zokusila zomphezulu obalulekileyo wangaphandle kufuphi ne-groove ejikayo ziyahlolwa kwaye zifakwe kwindawo yokugcina.

Emva kwesishwankathelo sokusebenza, indlela yenkqubo yangoku kunye neemfuno zenkqubo ye-gear shaft njengoko kuboniswe ngasentla, kodwa ngophuhliso loshishino lwangoku, iinkqubo ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha buyaqhubeka nokuvela kunye nokusebenza, kwaye iinkqubo ezindala ziphuculwa ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ziphunyezwe. . Itekhnoloji yokucubungula nayo ihlala iguquka.

ukuququmbela

Itekhnoloji yokucubungula i-gear shaft inempembelelo enkulu kumgangatho we-gear shaft. Ukulungiswa kwetekhnoloji ye-gear shaft nganye kunobudlelwane obubaluleke kakhulu kunye nesikhundla sayo kwimveliso, umsebenzi wayo kunye nendawo yeendawo zayo ezinxulumene nazo. Ke ngoko, ukuze kuqinisekiswe umgangatho wokusetyenzwa kwe-shaft yegiya, itekhnoloji yokucubungula eyona ilungileyo kufuneka iphuhliswe. Ngokusekelwe kumava okwenene okuvelisa, eli phepha lenza uhlalutyo oluthile lweteknoloji yokucubungula i-gear shaft. Ngengxoxo eneenkcukacha malunga nokukhethwa kwezinto zokusetyenzwa, unyango lomphezulu, unyango lobushushu kunye nokusika itekhnoloji yokusika i-shaft yegiya, ishwankathela inkqubo yokuvelisa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wokusetyenzwa kunye nomatshini we-gear shaft. Ubuchwephesha obuphezulu bokusebenza phantsi kwemeko yokusebenza kakuhle bubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa obubalulekileyo bokulungiswa kweeshafts zegiya, kwaye ikwabonelela ngereferensi elungileyo yokulungiswa kwezinye iimveliso ezifanayo.