Inkqubo yokugaya izixhobo, iiparameter zokusika kunye neemfuno zesixhobo ukuba izixhobo zinzima kakhulu ukuba zingajikwa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwemishini kufuneka kuphuculwe.

I-gear yeyona nto iphambili yokudlulisa izixhobo kwishishini leemoto. Ngokwesiqhelo, imoto nganye inamazinyo ali-18-30. Umgangatho we-gear uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ingxolo, uzinzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yemoto. Isixhobo somatshini wokucubungula izixhobo yinkqubo yezixhobo zomatshini ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezixhobo eziphambili kwishishini leemoto. Amandla okuvelisa iimoto kwihlabathi liphela afana ne-United States, iJamani kunye neJapan nawo angamandla okuvelisa izixhobo zomatshini wokucubungula izixhobo. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezulu kwama-80% ee-gear zemoto eTshayina zicutshungulwa zizixhobo zokwenza izixhobo zasekhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, ishishini leemoto lisebenzisa ngaphezulu kwama-60% ezixhobo zomatshini wokucubungula izixhobo, kwaye ishishini leemoto liya kuhlala liyiyo eyona nto iphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo zomatshini.

Itekhnoloji yokucubungula izixhobo

1. ukuphosa kunye nokwenza izinto ezingenanto

I-Hot die forging iseyindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu yokusika izinto ezingenanto kwiindawo zegiya zeemoto. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iteknoloji yokuqengqeleka kwe-cross wedge iye yakhuthazwa kakhulu kwi-shaft machining. Le teknoloji ifanelekile ngokukodwa ekwenzeni ii-billets zee-shafts ezintsonkothileyo zeminyango. Ayinazo nje kuphela iindlela zokuchwetheza ezichanekileyo nezincinci, kodwa ikwanazo nemveliso esebenzayo kakhulu.

2. ukwenza izinto zibe zesiqhelo

Injongo yale nkqubo kukufumana ubunzima obufanelekileyo ekusikweni kwegiya okulandelayo kunye nokulungiselela isakhiwo se-microstructure sonyango lokugqibela lobushushu, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngempumelelo ukuguqulwa konyango lobushushu. Izinto zentsimbi yegiya esetyenziswayo zihlala ziyi-20CrMnTi. Ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu yabasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo, isantya sokupholisa kunye nokufana kokupholisa kwesixhobo somsebenzi kunzima ukulawula, okubangela ukusasazeka kobunzima obukhulu kunye nesakhiwo se-metallographic esingalinganiyo, esichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusika kwesinyithi kunye nonyango lokugqibela lobushushu, okubangela ukuguqulwa kobushushu obukhulu nokungaqhelekanga kunye nomgangatho wenxalenye engalawulekiyo. Ke ngoko, inkqubo yokulungelelanisa i-isothermal iyasetyenziswa. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba ukulungelelanisa i-isothermal kunokutshintsha ngempumelelo iingxaki zokulungelelanisa ngokubanzi, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso uzinzile kwaye uthembekile.

3. ukujika

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokubeka izixhobo ezichanekileyo, ii-gear blanks zonke zicutshungulwa zii-CNC lathes, ezibotshelelwa ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokuphinda zigaywe isixhobo sokujika. Ukucubungula ububanzi bomngxuma, ubuso bokugqibela kunye nobubanzi bangaphandle kwenziwa ngaxeshanye phantsi kwe-one-time clamping, engaqinisekisi nje kuphela iimfuno ezithe nkqo zomngxuma wangaphakathi kunye nobuso bokugqibela, kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ukusasazeka okuncinci kwee-mass gear blanks. Ke ngoko, ukuchaneka kwe-gear blank kuyaphuculwa kwaye umgangatho womatshini wee-gears ezilandelayo uyaqinisekiswa. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-NC lathe machining kukwanciphisa kakhulu inani lezixhobo kwaye kunoqoqosho oluhle.

4. iihobhi kunye nokubumba izixhobo

Oomatshini bokuhombisa izixhobo abaqhelekileyo kunye nee-gear shapers zisasetyenziswa kakhulu ekucubunguleni izixhobo. Nangona kulula ukuzilungisa nokuzigcina, ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso kuphantsi. Ukuba kugqityiwe umthamo omkhulu, kufuneka kuveliswe oomatshini abaninzi ngaxeshanye. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuhombisa, kulula kakhulu ukuphinda uhombise ii-hobs kunye nee-plungers emva kokusila. Ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ezihombisiweyo bunokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngokubanzi ngaphezulu kwe-90%, kunciphisa ngempumelelo inani lotshintsho lwezixhobo kunye nexesha lokusila, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo.

5. ukucheba

Itekhnoloji yokucheba iigiya zeradial isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeegiya zeemoto ezininzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kunye nokufezekiswa lula kweemfuno zokuguqulwa kweprofayili yamazinyo eyilwe kunye necala lamazinyo. Ukusukela oko le nkampani yathenga umatshini wokucheba iigiya zeradial okhethekileyo wenkampani yase-Itali ukuze uguqulwe kwezobuchwepheshe ngo-1995, iye yasetyenziswa kakhulu kule teknoloji, kwaye umgangatho wokucubungula uzinzile kwaye uthembekile.

6. unyango lobushushu

Iigiya zeemoto zifuna ukugaywa kunye nokucinywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba zineempawu ezintle zoomatshini. Izixhobo zonyango lobushushu ezizinzileyo nezithembekileyo zibalulekile kwiimveliso ezingasasetyenziswa kwiigiya emva konyango lobushushu. Le nkampani iqalise umgca wemveliso yokugaywa kunye nokucinywa okuqhubekayo kweGerman Lloyd's, efumene iziphumo ezanelisayo zonyango lobushushu.

7. ukugaya

Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukugqiba umngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya ephathwa ngobushushu, ubuso bokugqibela, ububanzi bangaphandle bomngxuma kunye nezinye iindawo ukuphucula ukuchaneka kobukhulu kunye nokunciphisa ukunyamezelana kwejometri.

Ukulungiswa kwegiya kusebenzisa isixhobo sokujikeleza iphimbo ukuze kubekwe kwaye kuqiniswe, nto leyo enokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuchaneka komatshini wezinyo kunye nesalathiso sokufakelwa, kwaye kufumaneke umgangatho wemveliso owanelisayo.

8. ukugqiba

Oku kukujonga nokucoca amaqhuma kunye nee-burrs kwiindawo zegiya ze-axle yokudlulisa kunye ne-drive ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa, ukuze kupheliswe ingxolo kunye nengxolo engaqhelekanga ebangelwa zizo emva kokuhlanganiswa. Mamela isandi ngokusebenzisa i-single pair engagement okanye ujonge ukuphambuka kokubandakanyeka kwi-comprehensive tester. Iindawo ze-transmission housing eziveliswa yinkampani yokuvelisa ziquka i-clutch housing, i-transmission housing kunye ne-differential housing. I-Clutch housing kunye ne-transmission housing ziindawo ezithwala umthwalo, ezihlala zenziwe nge-die-casting alloy ye-aluminium nge-die casting ekhethekileyo. Imilo ayiqhelekanga kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuhamba kwenkqubo ngokubanzi kukugawula umphezulu odibeneyo → imingxuma yenkqubo yokugaya kunye nemingxuma yokudibanisa → imingxuma yeebheringi ezirhabaxa → imingxuma yeebheringi ezibhityayo ezincinci kunye nokufumana imingxuma yeephini → ukucoca → uvavanyo lokuvuza kunye nokufumanisa.

Iiparameters kunye neemfuno zezixhobo zokusika izixhobo

Iigiya ziphazamiseka kakhulu emva kokuzicima nokucima i-carburing. Ingakumbi kwiigiya ezinkulu, ukuguquguquka kobukhulu besangqa sangaphandle esikhanyisiweyo nesicinyiweyo kunye nomngxuma wangaphakathi ngokubanzi kukhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ekujikeni kwesangqa sangaphandle segiya esikhanyisiweyo nesicinyiweyo, akukho sixhobo sifanelekileyo. Isixhobo se-bn-h20 esakhiwe yi-"Valin superhard" sokuguqula intsimbi eqinileyo esiqingqileyo silungise ukuguquguquka kwesangqa sangaphandle segiya esikhanyisiweyo nesicinyiweyo, kwaye safumana isixhobo sokusika esiqingqileyo esifanelekileyo, senze inkqubela phambili kwihlabathi liphela kwicandelo lokusika okuqingqileyo ngezixhobo eziqinileyo.

Ukuguqulwa kwe-carburizing yegiya kunye nokucima: Ukuguqulwa kwe-carburizing yegiya kunye nokucima kubangelwa ikakhulu yintshukumo edibeneyo yoxinzelelo olushiyekileyo oluveliswa ngexesha lokwenziwa kwemishini, uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwesakhiwo oluveliswa ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, kunye nokuguqulwa kobunzima bomsebenzi. Ingakumbi kwiindandatho ezinkulu zegiya kunye neegiya, iindandatho ezinkulu zegiya nazo ziya kwandisa ukuguquguquka emva kokucima kunye nokucima ngenxa yemodulus yazo enkulu, umaleko onzulu we-carburizing, ixesha elide le-carburizing kunye nobunzima bomntu. Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwe-shaft enkulu yegiya: ububanzi bangaphandle besangqa esongezelelweyo bubonisa umkhwa ocacileyo wokuqunjelwa, kodwa kwicala lobubanzi bamazinyo e-shaft yegiya, umbindi uyancitshiswa, kwaye iziphelo ezibini zandiswe kancinci. Umthetho wokuguqulwa kwe-ring yegiya: Emva kokucima kunye nokucima, ububanzi bangaphandle be-ring enkulu yegiya buya kuvuvuka. Xa ububanzi bamazinyo bahlukile, icala lobubanzi bamazinyo liya kuba yi-conical okanye i-waist drum.

Ukujika kwegiya emva kokufaka i-carburing kunye nokucima: ukuguquka kweringi yegiya nge-carburing kunye nokucima kunokulawulwa kwaye kuncitshiswe ukuya kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa akunakuphepheka ngokupheleleyo. Ukulungiswa kokuguquguquka emva kokufaka i-carburing kunye nokucima, oku kulandelayo yintetho emfutshane malunga nokuba kunokwenzeka ukujika nokusika izixhobo emva kokufaka i-carburing kunye nokucima.

Ukujika isangqa sangaphandle, umngxuma wangaphakathi kunye nobuso bokuphela emva kokugalela i-carburing kunye nokucinywa: ukujika yeyona ndlela ilula yokulungisa ukuguquka kwesangqa sangaphandle kunye nomngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya yeringi egalelwe i-carburing kunye ne-quenched. Ngaphambili, nasiphi na isixhobo, kuquka nezixhobo zangaphandle eziqinileyo, besingenakukwazi ukusombulula ingxaki yokugalela isangqa sangaphandle segiya egalelwe i-carburing ngamandla. I-Valin superhard yamenywa ukuba yenze uphando kunye nophuhliso lwesixhobo, "Ukugalela intsimbi eqinileyo rhoqo bekusoloko kuyingxaki enzima, ingasathethwa ke ngentsimbi eqinileyo emalunga ne-HRC60, kwaye isibonelelo sokuguqulwa sikhulu. Xa ujika intsimbi eqinileyo ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuba umsebenzi une-cutting ekhawulezileyo, isixhobo siya kugqiba ukusebenza nge-shocks ezingaphezu kwe-100 ngomzuzu xa usika intsimbi eqinileyo, nto leyo engumceli mngeni omkhulu kukumelana nempembelelo yesixhobo." Iingcali ze-Chinese knife Association zitsho njalo. Emva konyaka wovavanyo oluphindaphindwayo, i-Valin superhard ingenise uphawu lwesixhobo sokusika esiqinileyo se-Turning Hardened Steel ngokungaqhubeki ngamandla; Uvavanyo lokujika lwenziwa kwisangqa sangaphandle segiya emva kokugalela i-carburing kunye nokucinywa.

Zama ukujika igiya elisilinda emva kokuyitshisa kunye nokucima

Igiya enkulu (igiya yeringi) yonakaliswe kakhulu emva kokuyitshiza nokuyicima. Ukuguquka kwesangqa sangaphandle segiya yeringi yeringi yeringi kwafikelela kwi-2mm, kwaye ubunzima emva kokuyitshiza babuyi-hrc60-65. Ngelo xesha, kwakunzima kumthengi ukufumana isixhobo sokutshiza esikhulu, kwaye isibonelelo somatshini sasisikhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokuyitshiza kwakuphantsi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, igiya etshiziweyo neyicinyiweyo yaguqulwa.

Isantya sokusika esithe nkqo: 50–70m/min, ubunzulu bokusika: 1.5–2mm, umgama wokusika: 0.15-0.2mm/ Revolution (ihlengahlengiswe ngokweemfuno zoburhabaxa)

Xa ujika i-excircle yegiya ecinyiweyo, umatshini ugqitywa ngexesha elinye. Isixhobo sokuqala se-ceramic esingeniswe ngaphakathi sinokucutshungulwa amaxesha amaninzi kuphela ukuze kunqunyulwe ukuguquguquka. Ngaphezu koko, ukuwohloka komphetho kukhulu, kwaye iindleko zokusebenzisa isixhobo ziphezulu kakhulu.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesixhobo: siyakwazi ukumelana nefuthe ngaphezu kwesixhobo sokuqala se-silicon nitride ceramic esingeniswe ngaphandle, kwaye ubomi baso benkonzo buphindwe kathandathu kunesixhobo se-silicon nitride ceramic xa ubunzulu bokusika bunyuswa kathathu! Ukusebenza kakuhle kokusika kunyuswa kathathu (kwakuqhele ukuba kuphindwe kathathu kokusika, kodwa ngoku kugqityiwe kanye). Uburhabaxa bomphezulu wesixhobo somsebenzi bukwahlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uhlobo lokugqibela lokusilela kwesixhobo asikokuphela okukhathazayo, kodwa kukuguguleka kobuso obuqhelekileyo. Olu vavanyo lwe-excircle ye-intermittent turning quenched gear lwaphula intsomi yokuba izixhobo eziqinileyo kushishino azinakusetyenziselwa intsimbi eqinileyo ejikelezayo! Kubangele uvakalelo olukhulu kwizangqa zezifundo zezixhobo zokusika!

Ukugqitywa komphezulu womngxuma ongaphakathi wegiya ojika nzima emva kokucima

Ukuthatha ukusika okukhawulezileyo komngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya nge-oyile ngumzekelo: ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokusika uvavanyo bufikelela kwiimitha ezingaphezu kwama-8000, kwaye ukugqitywa kungaphakathi kwe-Ra0.8; Ukuba kusetyenziswa isixhobo esiqinileyo esinomphetho wokupholisha, ukugqitywa kokujika kwentsimbi eqinileyo kunokufikelela kwi-Ra0.4. Kwaye ubomi besixhobo obuhle bunokufunyanwa.

Ukulungisa isiphelo segiya emva kokuyitshiza nokucima

Njengendlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenzisa "ukujika endaweni yokugaya", i-cubic boron nitride blade isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yokujika ubuso begiya ngokuqina emva kobushushu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokugaya, ukujika ngokuqina kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi.

Kwiigiya ezifakwe i-carburing nezicinyiweyo, iimfuno zezicuthi ziphezulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukusika okungenaxesha kufuna ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokuchaphazeleka, ukuqina, ukumelana nokuguguleka, uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nezinye iimpawu zesixhobo.

isishwankathelo:

Ukujika emva kokufaka i-carburing kunye nokucima kunye nokujika ubuso obupheleleyo, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-cubic boron nitride ezidityanisiweyo ziye zathandwa. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nokuguqulwa okulinganayo kwesangqa sangaphandle kunye nomngxuma wangaphakathi weringi enkulu yegiya edityanisiweyo necinyiweyo, kusoloko kuyingxaki enzima ukucima ukuguqulwa ngobuninzi. Ukujika okungapheliyo kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo ngesixhobo se-Valin superhard bn-h20 cubic boron nitride yinkqubela phambili enkulu kushishino lwezixhobo, enceda ekukhuthazeni ngokubanzi inkqubo "yokujika endaweni yokugaya" kushishino lwegiya, kwaye ikwafumana impendulo kwingxaki yezixhobo zokujika ze-cylindrical zegiya eziqinileyo ebezixakeke iminyaka emininzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufinyeza umjikelo wokuvelisa weringi yegiya kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso; Abasiki bee-Bn-h20 series baziwa njengemodeli yehlabathi yentsimbi ecinyiweyo eqinileyo kushishino.