Inkqubo yomatshini weGear, iiparamitha zokusika kunye neemfuno zesixhobo ukuba igiya inzima kakhulu ukuba ingajikwa kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini kufuneka kuphuculwe.

Igiya yeyona nto ingundoqo yothumelo kushishino lweemoto. Ngesiqhelo, imoto nganye inamazinyo ayi-18 ~ 30. Umgangatho wegiya uchaphazela ngqo ingxolo, uzinzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yemoto. Isixhobo somatshini wokulungisa igiya yinkqubo yesixhobo somatshini ontsonkothileyo kunye nesixhobo esiphambili kushishino lweemoto. Amagunya ehlabathi okwenziwa kweemoto afana ne-United States, iJamani kunye ne-Japan akwangamandla okwenza izixhobo zomatshini wokwenza izixhobo. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeegiya zemoto e-China zisetyenzwa zizixhobo zokwenza izixhobo zasekhaya. Kwangaxeshanye, umzi-mveliso weemoto usebenzisa ngaphezulu kwe-60% yezixhobo zoomatshini bokwenza izixhobo, kwaye umzi-mveliso weemoto uya kuhlala ungowona mzimba uphambili wokusetyenziswa komatshini.

Itekhnoloji yokulungisa izixhobo

1. ukuphosa kunye nokwenza blank

I-Hot die forging iseyinkqubo yokuphosa engenanto esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo zezixhobo zemoto. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, itekhnoloji ye-cross wedge rolling iye yakhuthazwa ngokubanzi kumatshini we-shaft. Le teknoloji ifaneleka ngokukhethekileyo ukwenza iibhilithi kwii-shafts eziyinkimbinkimbi zomnyango. Ayineli nje ukuchaneka okuphezulu, isibonelelo esincinci esilandelayo somatshini, kodwa ikwanemveliso ephezulu.

2. ukulungelelanisa

Injongo yale nkqubo kukufumana ubulukhuni obufanelekileyo bokusika kwegiya elandelayo kunye nokulungiselela i-microstructure yonyango lobushushu lokugqibela, ukuze kuncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuguqulwa konyango lobushushu. Izinto eziphathekayo zentsimbi esetyenzisiweyo zihlala ziyi-20CrMnTi. Ngenxa yempembelelo enkulu yabasebenzi, izixhobo kunye nokusingqongileyo, isantya sokupholisa kunye nokupholisa okufanayo kwe-workpiece kunzima ukulawula, okubangela ukusabalalisa okukhulu kobunzima kunye nesakhiwo se-metallographic engalinganiyo, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusika isinyithi kunye nonyango lokugqibela lobushushu, kubangele enkulu. kunye noguquko lwe-thermal olungaqhelekanga kunye nomgangatho ongalawulekiyo wenxalenye. Ngoko ke, inkqubo ye-isothermal normalizing iyamkelwa. Ukuziqhelanisa kuye kwabonisa ukuba i-isothermal normalizing inokutshintsha ngokufanelekileyo ukungalungi kwesiqhelo esiqhelekileyo, kwaye umgangatho wemveliso uzinzile kwaye unokwethenjelwa.

3. ukujika

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zokubeka i-high-precision gear processing, i-gear blanks zonke zicutshungulwa yi-CNC lathes, eboshwe ngoomatshini ngaphandle kokubuyisela isixhobo sokuguqula. Ukusetyenzwa kwedayamitha yomngxuma, isiphelo sobuso kunye nedayamitha yangaphandle igqityezelwa ngokuhambelanayo phantsi kwe-clamping yexesha elinye, engaqinisekisi kuphela iimfuno zokuma komngxuma ongaphakathi kunye nobuso bokuphela, kodwa ikwaqinisekisa ukusasazeka kobungakanani obuncinci bezinto ezingenanto zegiya. Ke, ukuchaneka kwegiya engenanto kuyaphuculwa kwaye umgangatho womatshini weegiya ezilandelayo uqinisekisiwe. Ukongeza, ukusebenza kakuhle okuphezulu kwe-NC lathe machining kunciphisa kakhulu inani lezixhobo kwaye kunoqoqosho oluhle.

4. ihobhi kunye nokubunjwa kwezixhobo

Oomatshini bokuhlamba izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye neemilo zegiya basasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukulungisa izixhobo. Nangona kulungele ukulungelelanisa nokugcina, ukusebenza kwemveliso kuphantsi. Ukuba umthamo omkhulu ugqityiwe, oomatshini abaninzi kufuneka baveliswe ngaxeshanye. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokwambathisa, kulungele kakhulu ukuphinda unxibe iihobs kunye neeplungers emva kokusila. Ubomi benkonzo yezixhobo ezigqunyiweyo bunokuphuculwa kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphezu kwe-90%, ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inani leenguqu zesixhobo kunye nexesha lokugaya, kunye neenzuzo ezibalulekileyo.

5. ukucheba

Itekhnoloji yokucheba itekhnoloji yeRadial isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimveliso yegiya yeemoto ezininzi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu kunye nokuqonda ngokulula kweemfuno zohlengahlengiso lweprofayili eyiliweyo yamazinyo kunye nesalathiso sezinyo. Ukusukela oko inkampani yathenga umatshini wokucheba wegiya okhethekileyo wenkampani yase-Italiya yotshintsho lobugcisa ngo-1995, sele ikhulile ekusebenziseni le teknoloji, kwaye umgangatho wokucubungula uzinzile kwaye uthembekile.

6. unyango lobushushu

Iigiya zeemoto zifuna ukungcwatywa kunye nokucima ukuze kuqinisekiswe iipropathi zabo ezilungileyo zoomatshini. Izixhobo ezizinzileyo nezithembekileyo zokunyanga ubushushu zibalulekile kwiimveliso ezingasaxhomekekanga kumatshini wokusila emva konyango lobushushu. Inkampani iye yazisa umgca wemveliso we-carburizing oqhubekayo kunye nokucima i-German Lloyd's, ezuze iziphumo ezanelisayo zonyango lobushushu.

7. ukusila

Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukugqiba umngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya ephethwe bubushushu, isiphelo sobuso, ishaft ububanzi obungaphandle kunye nezinye iindawo ukuphucula ukuchaneka komda kunye nokunciphisa ukunyamezela kwejometri.

Ukusetyenzwa kwegiya kwamkela ukulungiswa kwesangqa se-pitch ukuze kubekwe kunye nokubambelela, okunokuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo ukuchaneka komatshini wezinyo kunye nereferensi yofakelo, kwaye ufumane umgangatho wemveliso owanelisayo.

8. ukugqiba

Oku kukukhangela kunye nokucoca ama-bumps kunye ne-burrs kwiindawo zegiya zothumelo kunye nokuqhuba i-axle ngaphambi kokuhlanganisana, ukuze kupheliswe ingxolo kunye nengxolo engaqhelekanga ebangelwa ngabo emva kokuhlanganisana. Mamela isandi ngothethathethwano lwesibini okanye ujonge ukutenxa kothethathethwano kumvavanyi obanzi. Iindawo zothumelo lwezindlu eziveliswe yinkampani eyenza izinto ziquka izindlu ze-clutch, izindlu zothumelo kunye nezindlu ezahlukileyo. Izindlu ze-clutch kunye nezindlu zothumelo zizinto ezithwala umthwalo, ezenziwe ngokubanzi nge-alloy ye-aluminiyam ye-die-casting ngokusebenzisa i-diecast cast ekhethekileyo. Imilo ayifani kwaye inzima. Umqukuqelo wenkqubo jikelele kuguba umphezulu odityanisiweyo → imingxuma yenkqubo yomatshini kunye nemingxuma yokudibanisa → imingxunya erhabaxa edikayo → imingxuma edikayo edikayo kunye nokubeka imingxuma yezikhonkwane → ukucoca → uvavanyo lokuvuza nokubhaqwa.

Iiparamitha kunye neemfuno zezixhobo zokusika izixhobo

Iigiya zikhubazeke kakhulu emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima. Ngokukodwa kwiigiya ezinkulu, i-dimensional deformation ye-carburized kwaye icinyiwe isangqa sangaphandle kunye nomngxuma ongaphakathi ngokubanzi mkhulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukujika kwesangqa sangaphandle se-carburized kunye nesicinyiweyo, akukhange kubekho sixhobo sifanelekileyo. Isixhobo se-bn-h20 esaphuhliswa ngu "Valin superhard" ukwenzela ukujika okuqinileyo okungapheliyo kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo iye yalungisa ukuguqulwa kwe-carburized kunye nokucinywa kwegesi yangaphandle isangqa somngxuma wangaphakathi kunye nobuso besiphelo, kwaye yafumana isixhobo esifanelekileyo sokusika esiphakathi, Senze ukuphumelela kwihlabathi jikelele. intsimi yokusika okuphakathi kunye nezixhobo ezinzima kakhulu.

I-gear carburizing kunye ne-deformation yokucima: ukungcwatywa kwegiya kunye nokucima ukuguquka kubangelwa ikakhulu sisenzo esidityanisiweyo soxinzelelo olushiyekileyo oluveliswa ngexesha lomatshini, uxinzelelo lobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lwesakhiwo oluveliswa ngexesha lonyango lobushushu, kunye nokuzitshintsha kobunzima bomsebenzi. Ngokukodwa kwiringi ezinkulu zegiya kunye neegiya, iiringi ezinkulu zegiya nazo ziya konyusa ideformation emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima ngenxa yemodyuli yazo enkulu, umaleko onzulu we-carburizing, ixesha elide lokungcwatywa kunye nobunzima bokuzimela. Umthetho we-Deformation we-shaft enkulu yegiya: i-diameter yangaphandle yesangqa se-adendum ibonisa indlela ecacileyo yokunciphisa, kodwa kwicala lobubanzi bezinyo le-shaft yegiya, umbindi uyancitshiswa, kwaye iziphelo ezibini zandiswa kancinci. Umthetho wotshintsho lweringi yegiya: Emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa, idiameter yangaphandle yeringi enkulu iya kudumba. Xa ububanzi bezinyo buhluke, isalathiso sobubanzi bezinyo buya kuba yi-conical okanye igubhu esinqeni.

Ukujika kwegiya emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima: i-carburizing kunye nokucima i-deformation yomsesane wegiya inokulawulwa kwaye incitshiswe ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elithile, kodwa ayinakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo Ukulungiswa koguquko emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima, oku kulandelayo yintetho emfutshane malunga nokuba nokwenzeka. zokujika kunye nokusika izixhobo emva carburizing kunye nokucima.

Ukuguqula isangqa sangaphandle, umngxuma wangaphakathi kunye nokuphela kobuso emva kokucima i-carburizing kunye nokucima: ukujika yindlela elula yokulungisa ukuguqulwa kwesangqa sangaphandle kunye nomngxuma ongaphakathi we-carburized and quenched ring gear. Ngaphambili, nasiphi na isixhobo, kuquka izixhobo superhard angaphandle, ayikwazanga ukusombulula ingxaki kakhulu intermittent ukusika isangqa sangaphandle gear ecinyiweyo. U-Valin superhard wamenywa ukuba enze uphando ngezixhobo kunye nophuhliso, "Ukusika okwethutyana kwentsimbi eqinile ibisoloko iyingxaki enzima, singasathethi ke ngentsimbi eqinileyo emalunga ne-HRC60, kwaye isibonelelo sokuguqulwa sikhulu. Xa uguqula intsimbi eqinile ngesantya esiphezulu, ukuba i-workpiece ine-intermittent cutting, isixhobo siya kugqiba umatshini kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okungaphezulu kwe-100 ngomzuzu xa usika intsimbi eqinile, engumceli mngeni omkhulu ekuchaseni impembelelo yesixhobo. " Iingcali zaseTshayina zoMbutho weemela zitsho njalo. Emva konyaka weemvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo, i-Valin superhard iye yazisa uphawu lwesixhobo sokusika esinzima kakhulu sokuguqula iNsimbi eQinisekileyo ngokuyeka ngamandla; Uvavanyo lokuguqula lwenziwa kwisangqa sangaphandle segiya emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima.

Zama ukuguqula izixhobo ze-cylindrical emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucima

Igiya enkulu (igiya yeringi) yakhubazeka kakhulu emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa. I-deformation yesangqa sangaphandle se-gear ring gear yafika kwi-2mm, kwaye ubunzima emva kokucima kwakuyi-hrc60-65. Ngelo xesha, kwakunzima kumthengi ukufumana i-grinder enkulu yobubanzi, kwaye isibonelelo somatshini sasisikhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kokugaya kwakuphantsi kakhulu. Ekugqibeleni, i-carbured kunye nezixhobo ezicinyiweyo zaguqulwa.

Ukusika isantya somgca: 50-70m / min, ukusika ubunzulu: 1.5-2mm, umgama wokusika: 0.15-0.2mm / Revolution (ukulungiswa ngokweemfuno zoburhabaxa)

Xa ujika i-excircle gear ecinyiweyo, umatshini ugqityiwe ngexesha elinye. Isixhobo sokuqala se-ceramic esingeniswa kumazwe angaphandle sinokucutshungulwa kuphela amaxesha amaninzi ukunqumla i-deformation. Ngaphezu koko, ukudilika komphetho kunzulu, kwaye iindleko zokusetyenziswa kwesixhobo ziphezulu kakhulu.

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwesixhobo: lunempembelelo exhathisayo kunesixhobo sokuqala se-silicon nitride seceramic engeniswe ngaphandle, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo buphindwe ka-6 kunesixhobo se-silicon nitride se-ceramic xa ubunzulu bokusika bunyuka kathathu! Ukusebenza kokusika kunyuswe ngamaxesha angama-3 (kwakusetyenziselwa ukusika kathathu, kodwa ngoku kugqitywe ngexesha elinye). Uburhabaxa bomphezulu besixhobo sokusebenza bukwahlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzisi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kukuba ifom yokugqibela yokungaphumeleli yesixhobo ayisiyiyo i-edge ephukileyo exhalabileyo, kodwa i-back face wear eqhelekileyo. Lo mfuniselo ujikajikayo wacima igiya yaphula intsomi yokuba izixhobo ezinzima kakhulu kushishino azinakusetyenziselwa ukujika okuqinileyo kwentsimbi eyomeleleyo! Kuye kwabangela uvakalelo olukhulu kwiisangqa zezemfundo zezixhobo zokusika!

Ukugqitywa komphezulu wokujika komngxuma wangaphakathi wegiya emva kokucinywa

Ukuthatha ukusika okuphakathi kwe gear yangaphakathi kunye ne-oil groove njengomzekelo: ubomi benkonzo yesixhobo sokusika isilingo bufikelela ngaphezu kweemitha ze-8000, kwaye ukugqiba kungaphakathi kweRa0.8; Ukuba isixhobo esine-superhard esine-polish edge sisetyenzisiweyo, ukugqitywa kokuguquka kwentsimbi eqinile kunokufikelela malunga neRa0.4. Kwaye ubomi besixhobo obulungileyo bunokufunyanwa

Ukucoca ubuso besixhobo emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa

Njengomsebenzi oqhelekileyo "wokujika endaweni yokugaya", i-cubic boron nitride blade isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso yokuguqula ngokukhawuleza ubuso begiya emva kobushushu. Xa kuthelekiswa nokusila, ukujika nzima kuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle.

Kwizixhobo ze-carburized kunye nezicinyiweyo, iimfuno zabasiki ziphezulu kakhulu. Okokuqala, ukusika okuphakathi kufuna ubunzima obuphezulu, ukuchasana kwempembelelo, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba, uburhabaxa bomphezulu kunye nezinye iipropathi zesixhobo.

Isishwankathelo:

Ukujika emva kokungcwatywa kunye nokucinywa kunye nokujika kobuso, izixhobo eziqhelekileyo ezidityanisiweyo ezidibeneyo ze-cubic boron nitride ziye zaduma. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-dimensional deformation yesangqa sangaphandle kunye nomngxuma wangaphakathi we-carburized kwaye ucime umsesane omkhulu wegiya, kuhlala kuyingxaki enzima ukucima i-deformation ngesixa esikhulu. Ukuguqulwa okungapheliyo kwentsimbi ecinyiweyo kunye ne-Valin superhard bn-h20 cubic boron nitride isixhobo yinkqubela phambili enkulu kwishishini lesixhobo, elikhuthaza ukukhuthazwa okubanzi kwenkqubo "yokuguqula endaweni yokugaya" kushishino lwegiya, kwaye ikwafumanisa impendulo kwingxaki yezixhobo eziqinileyo zokujika iicylindrical eziye zabhideka iminyaka emininzi. Kukwabaluleke kakhulu ukucutha umjikelo wokwenziwa kweringi yegiya kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zemveliso; Abasiki bechungechunge be-Bn-h20 baziwa njengemodeli yehlabathi yentsimbi eyomeleleyo eguqukayo eguqukayo kwishishini.