Izixhobo zokubhola
Izixhobo zokubhola kwishishini leoyile negesi zisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo.Iigiya zeSpur,iigiya zehelical, iigiya zangaphakathi, iigiya ze-bevel iigiya ze-spiral bevel, iigiya ze-hypoid, iigiya ze-worm kunye noyilo lwe-oem Ezi giya zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle, ukuchaneka, kunye nokhuseleko lwemisebenzi yokugrumba. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziphambili zegiya ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokugrumba:
- Izixhobo zeTheyibhile ezijikelezayo:Iitafile ezijikelezayo zisetyenziswa kwiirigi zokubhola ukuze zinike intshukumo yokujikeleza efunekayo ukujika intambo yokubhola kunye ne-drill bit eqhotyoshelweyo. Le ndlela yokusebenza yegiya ivumela ukujikeleza okulawulwayo kwentambo yokubhola ukuze ingene kumphezulu womhlaba.
- Phezulu Izixhobo zokuqhuba:Ii-top drives zezona ndlela zanamhlanje zokutshintsha iitafile ezijikelezayo kwaye zibonelela ngamandla okujikeleza ngokuthe ngqo kwintambo yokubhola ukusuka kumphezulu. Ii-top drives zisebenzisa iigiya ukuhambisa i-torque kunye nentshukumo yokujikeleza ngokufanelekileyo ukusuka kwiimoto ze-drilling rig ukuya kwintambo yokubhola.
- Izixhobo zokudweba:Iidrawwork zinoxanduva lokuphakamisa nokwehlisa intambo yokubhola ingena kwaye iphuma kwi-wellbore. Zisebenzisa inkqubo entsonkothileyo yeegiya, kuquka ii-crown gears, ii-pinion gears, kunye nee-drum gears, ukulawula ukusebenza kokuphakanyiswa ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
- Izixhobo zokumpompa udaka:Iimpompo zodaka zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa ulwelo lokugrumba (udaka) phantsi komtya wokugrumba zize zibuyele phezulu xa kusenziwa imisebenzi yokugrumba. Ezi mpompo zisebenzisa iigiya ukuqhuba iipiston okanye iirotor ezidala uxinzelelo olufunekayo ukuhambisa udaka.
- Izixhobo zokuPhakamisa:Ukongeza kwimizobo, izixhobo zokubhola zinokuba nezixhobo zokuphakamisa izixhobo ezinzima kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo kumgangatho wezixhobo. Le nkqubo yezixhobo idla ngokuquka ii-winches, iidrama, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ukuhamba kwemithwalo ngokukhuselekileyo.
- Ibhokisi yeGear yoThumelo:Ezinye izixhobo zokubhola, ezifana neenjini kunye neejenereyitha, zinokuba neebhokisi zokudlulisa amandla ukulawula isantya kunye nokukhupha amandla. Ezi bhokisi zokudlulisa amandla ziqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokuthembekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo.
- IiGiya zokuqhuba zeZixhobo eziNcedisayo:Iirigi zokubhola zihlala zinezixhobo ezincedisayo ezifana neempompo, iijenereyitha, kunye neecompressor, ezinokubandakanya iigiya ezahlukeneyo zokuhambisa nokulawula amandla.
Le yimizekelo nje embalwa yezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokugrumba kwishishini leoyile negesi. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezixhobo ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokugrumba, ukusuka ekuboneleleni ngentshukumo ejikelezayo ukuya ekuphakamiseni imithwalo enzima kunye nolwelo lokugrumba olujikelezayo. Iinkqubo zezixhobo ezisebenzayo nezithembekileyo zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni impumelelo yemisebenzi yokugrumba ngelixa kugcinwa ukhuseleko kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Iiyunithi zokucoca kwishishini leoyile negesi zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye noomatshini bokucubungula ioyile eluhlaza kwiimveliso ezahlukeneyo zepetroleum. Nangona iigiya zisenokungabonakali kakhulu kwiiyunithi zokucoca xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zokubhola, kusekho iindlela ezininzi apho iigiya zibalulekile khona. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo yeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwiiyunithi zokucoca:
- Izixhobo ezijikelezayo:Iiyunithi zokucoca zihlala zisebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezijikelezayo ezifana neempompo, iicompressor, kunye neeturbine, ezifuna iigiya zokuhambisa amandla kunye nolawulo lwesantya. Ezi giya zingabandakanya ii-helical, spur, bevel, okanye ii-planetary gears kuxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemfuno.
- Iibhokisi zegiya:Iibhokisi zegiya zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiyunithi zokucoca umbane ukuze zidlulise umbane kwaye zilungise isantya sezixhobo ezijikelezayo. Zingasetyenziswa kwiimpompo, iifeni, ii-blower, kunye nezinye iimatshini ukuze zihambelane nesantya sezixhobo neemeko zokusebenza ezifunekayo.
- Izixhobo zokuxuba:Iiyunithi zokucoca zingasebenzisa izixhobo zokuxuba ezifana nezixhobo zokuxuba okanye izixhobo zokuxuba kwiinkqubo ezifana nokuxuba okanye ukuxuba. Iigiya zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iiblade okanye iishafti zokuxuba, ukuqinisekisa ukuxubana okusebenzayo kunye nokudibanisa ulwelo okanye izinto ezicutshungulwayo.
- IiConveyors kunye neeLifti:Iiyunithi zokucoca zingasebenzisa ii-conveyors kunye nee-elevator ukuthutha izinto phakathi kweeyunithi ezahlukeneyo zokucubungula okanye izigaba. Iigiya zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwezi nkqubo, zibonelela ngokudluliselwa kwamandla ukuhambisa izinto ngokufanelekileyo kwiibhanti zokuhambisa okanye ukuziphakamisa ziye kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo.
- IiValve Actuators:Iivalvu zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukuhamba kolwelo kwiiyunithi zokucoca. Ii-actuators zombane, ze-pneumatic, okanye ze-hydraulic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza kweevalvu, kwaye ezi actuators zinokufaka iigiya zokuguqula amandla okufaka abe yintshukumo yevalvu efunekayo.
- Iinqaba Zokupholisa:Iinqaba zokupholisa zibalulekile ekususeni ubushushu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca. Iifeni ezisetyenziswa kwiinqaba zokupholisa zinokuqhutywa ziigiya ukulawula isantya sefeni kunye nokuhamba komoya, nto leyo ephucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokupholisa kwenqaba.
Nangona iigiya zisenokungabonakali ngokucacileyo kwiiyunithi zokucoca njengakwizixhobo zokubhola, ziseyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle nangokuthembekileyo kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kwifektri yokucoca. Ukukhetha, ukugcinwa, kunye nokuthambisa iigiya ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni imveliso yefektri yokucoca kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokungasebenzi.
Iigiya zeMibhobho
Kwimibhobho yokuthutha ioyile negesi, iigiya ngokwazo azisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezikwiinkqubo zemibhobho zinokusebenzisa iigiya kwimisebenzi ethile. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
- Iibhokisi zeGear zePomp:Kwiipayipi, iipompo zisetyenziselwa ukugcina ukuhamba kweoyile okanye igesi kumgama omde. Ezi mpompi zihlala zifaka iibhokisi zegiya ukulawula isantya kunye ne-torque yeshaft ejikelezayo yepompo. Iibhokisi zegiya zivumela iipompo ukuba zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo kumanqanaba okuhamba afunekayo, zoyise ilahleko zokungqubana kwaye zigcine uxinzelelo kumzila.
- IiValve Actuators:Iivalvu zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwimibhobho yokulawula ukuhamba kweoyile okanye igesi. Ii-actuators, ezifana nee-activators zombane, ze-pneumatic, okanye ze-hydraulic, zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukusebenza kwevalvu. Ezinye ii-actuators zingasebenzisa iigiya ukuguqula amandla okufaka abe yintshukumo yevalvu efunekayo, ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo lokuhamba kolwelo kwipayipi.
- Iibhokisi zeGear zeCompressor:Kwimibhobho yegesi yendalo, iicompressor zisetyenziselwa ukugcina uxinzelelo kunye namazinga okuhamba. Iinkqubo zecompressor zihlala zifaka iibhokisi zegiya ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwi-prime mover (njengemoto yombane okanye i-gas turbine) ukuya kwi-compressor rotor. Iibhokisi zegiya zivumela icompressor ukuba isebenze ngesantya esiphezulu kunye ne-torque, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze kakuhle kwaye ithembeke.
- Izixhobo zokulinganisa:Iipayipi zinokubandakanya izikhululo zokulinganisa ukulinganisa isantya sokuhamba kunye nomthamo weoyile okanye igesi edlula kwipayipi. Ezinye izixhobo zokulinganisa, ezifana neemitha zeturbine okanye iimitha zegiya, zinokusebenzisa iigiya njengenxalenye yendlela yokulinganisa ukuhamba.
- Izixhobo Zokuhaga:Iipipeline pigs zizixhobo ezisetyenziselwa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yolondolozo kunye nokuhlola ngaphakathi kwimibhobho, njengokucoca, ukuhlola, kunye nokwahlula iimveliso ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye izixhobo zokufaka iingulube zinokusebenzisa izixhobo zokuqhuba okanye zokulawula, okuvumela ingulube ukuba ihambe kakuhle kwimibhobho.
Nangona iigiya ngokwazo zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwisakhiwo semibhobho, zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezixhobo kunye nezinto ezikwinkqubo yemibhobho. Ukukhetha, ukufakela, kunye nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezixhobo eziqhutywa yigiya kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwemibhobho yeoyile negesi.
IiValvu zoKhuseleko kunye neeGiya zeZixhobo
Iivalvu zokhuseleko kunye nezixhobo kwiindawo zoshishino, kuquka nezo zisetyenziswa kwishishini leoyile negesi, zibalulekile ekugcineni iimeko zokusebenza zikhuselekile kwaye zithintele iingozi. Nangona iigiya zingasetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiivalvu zokhuseleko ngokwazo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokhuseleko zinokubandakanya iigiya okanye iindlela ezifana neegiya zokusebenza kwazo. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
- Ii-Actuators zeeValve zoNcedo loxinzelelo:Iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko ezisetyenziselwa ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwizixhobo nakwiinkqubo zemibhobho. Ezinye iivalvu zokunciphisa uxinzelelo zinokusebenzisa ii-actuators ukuvula okanye ukuvala ivalvu ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yotshintsho kuxinzelelo. Ezi actuators zingabandakanya iindlela zegiya ukuguqula intshukumo ethe tye ye-actuator ibe yintshukumo yokujikeleza efunekayo ukuze kusebenze ivalvu.
- Iinkqubo zoCimo oluNgxamisekileyo:Iinkqubo zokuvala umbane ngexesha likaxakeka (ESD) zenzelwe ukuvala ngokukhawuleza izixhobo kunye neenkqubo xa kukho imeko kaxakeka, njengomlilo okanye ukuvuza kwegesi. Ezinye iinkqubo ze-ESD zinokusebenzisa iigiya okanye iibhokisi zegiya njengenxalenye yeendlela zazo zokulawula ukuqhuba iivalvu okanye ezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko ukuphendula uphawu longxamiseko.
- Iinkqubo zokuQokelela:Iinkqubo zokutshixa ezidibeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela iimeko ezingakhuselekanga ngokuqinisekisa ukuba izenzo ezithile zinokwenziwa kuphela ngokulandelelana okuthile okanye phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Ezi nkqubo zinokubandakanya iigiya okanye iindlela ezifana neegiya ukulawula intshukumo yee-mechanical interlocks, ukuthintela imisebenzi engagunyaziswanga okanye engakhuselekanga.
- Izixhobo zokukhusela umthwalo omninzi:Izixhobo zokukhusela umthwalo ogqithisileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela izixhobo ukuba zingasebenzi ngaphaya komthamo wazo ocwangcisiweyo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokonakala okanye ukungaphumeleli. Ezinye izixhobo zokukhusela umthwalo ogqithisileyo zinokusebenzisa iigiya okanye iibhokisi zegiya ukuze zisebenze ii-clutches okanye iibhuleki zoomatshini, zikhuphe inkqubo yokuqhuba xa kufunyenwe imithwalo engaphezulu.
- Iinkqubo zokuHlola uMlilo neGesi:Iinkqubo zokuchonga umlilo negesi zisetyenziselwa ukujonga ubukho beegesi ezivuthayo okanye umsi kwiindawo zoshishino. Ezinye iinkqubo zokuchonga zinokusebenzisa iigiya okanye iindlela eziqhutywa ziigiya ukusebenzisa iivalvu, iialamu, okanye ezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko ukuphendula kwiingozi ezifunyenweyo.
Nangona iigiya zisenokungabi yeyona nto iphambili kwiivalvu zokhuseleko nezixhobo, zinokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuthembekileyo nokusebenzayo kwezi nkqubo zokhuseleko. Uyilo olufanelekileyo, ukufakwa, kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokhuseleko eziqhutywa ziigiya kubalulekile ekugcineni indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo kwizakhiwo zoshishino, kuquka nezo zikwishishini leoyile negesi.
Ioyile neGesi engaphezulu apho iBelon Gears
