Iigiya zeNjini
OEM ODM ukuchaneka eliphezuluukwenziwa kwezixhobo, Iinjini zeemoto zisebenzisa iindidi ezininzi zeegiya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ezi zixhobo zinceda ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwe-injini kunye namalungu ayo. Nazi ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwiinjini zeemoto:
Iigiya zexesha: Izixhobo zexesha zisetyenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukuvula kunye nokuvala iivalve ze-injini kunye nokuhamba kweepiston. Baqinisekisa ukuba iivalve zivula kwaye zivale ngexesha elifanelekileyo, zivumela ukuvutha okusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kwe-injini.
Iigiya zeCrankshaft:Iigiya zeCrankshaft zisetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwiipiston ukuya kwi-crankshaft, eguqula intshukumo yomda weepistons ibe yintshukumo ejikelezayo. Le ntshukumo ejikelezayo ke isetyenziselwa ukuqhuba amanye amacandelo enjini kunye nezincedisi.
Iigiya zeCamshaft: Izixhobo zeCamshaft zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-camshaft, elawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwee-injini ze-injini. Iigiya ze-camshaft ziqinisekisa ukuba i-camshaft ijikeleza ngesantya esichanekileyo ngokumalunga ne-crankshaft.
Iigiya zempompo ye-oyile: Izixhobo zempompo zeoyile zisetyenziselwa ukupompa ioyile ukusuka kwipani yeoli ukuya kumacandelo enjini, njengeebheringi kunye necamshaft, ukuzithambisa kunye nokunciphisa ukungqubana. Ukuthambisa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle kunye nobomi obude be-injini.
I-Balance Shaft Gears: Ezinye ii-injini zisebenzisa i-balance shafts ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela. Iigiya ze-balance shaft zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ezi shafts zokulinganisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zijikeleza ngesantya esichanekileyo kunye nesigaba esinxulumene ne-crankshaft.
Iigiya zokuQhuba isincedisi: Izixhobo zokuqhuba zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba amacandelo afana nempompo yamanzi, impompo yokulawula amandla, kunye ne-alternator. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zisebenza ngesantya esichanekileyo xa sithelekisa nenjini kunye nesantya sesithuthi.
Izixhobo zokuhambisa
Tiigiya zokuthutha ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yothumelo lwesithuthi, enoxanduva lokudlulisela amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kumavili ngezantya ezahlukeneyo kunye neetorque. Nazi iindidi eziphambili zezixhobo zothumelo ezifumaneka kwizithuthi:
Iigiya zoThumelo lweManuwali: Kwi-transmission manual, umqhubi ukhetha ngesandla iigiya usebenzisa i-gear shifter kunye ne-clutch. Ezona zixhobo ziphambili kuthumelo lwezandla ziquka:
IGear yokuqala (iGear ephantsi): Ibonelela ngetorque ephezulu yokuqalisa isithuthi ukusuka kwindawo yokumisa.
Isixhobo seSibini: Isetyenziselwa isantya esiphakathi kunye nokukhawuleza.
Igiya yesiThathu: Isetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngenqanawa ngesantya esiphakathi.
I-Fourth Gear (i-Overdrive): Isetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, apho isantya se-injini singaphantsi kunesantya sesithuthi.
I-Gear yesihlanu (i-Overdrive): Ezinye ii-manual transmissions zinegiya yesihlanu yokuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu.
IiGear zoThunyelo oluzenzekelayo: Kuthumelo oluzenzekelayo, inkqubo yothumelo ikhetha ngokuzenzekelayo iigiya ngokusekwe kwisantya semoto, umthwalo wenjini, kunye nezinye izinto. Iigiya eziphambili kuthumelo oluzenzekelayo ziquka:
Ipaki (P): Itshixa uthumelo ukuthintela isithuthi ukuba singahambi.
Umva (R): Ibandakanya iigiya ukuvumela isithuthi ukuba sibuyele ngasemva.
Ukungathathi hlangothi (N): Yophula iigiya, ivumela injini ukuba iqhube ngaphandle kokuqhuba amavili.
Qhuba (D): Libandakanya iigiya zokuya phambili. Ezinye transmissions oluzenzekelayo kwakhona iigiya ezongezelelweyo isantya ezahlukeneyo.
Usasazo oluGuquguqukayo oluqhubekayo (CVT): I-CVT isebenzisa inkqubo yeepuli kunye namabhanti ukubonelela ngenani elingapheliyo lemilinganiselo yegesi, kunokuba i-discrete gears. Oku kuvumela ukukhawulezisa okugudileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
Usasazo lwe-Dual-Clutch (DCT): I-DCT idibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-manual transmissions kunye ne-automation transmissions. Isebenzisa ii-clutch ezimbini ezahlukeneyo zegiya ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezilinganayo, ezivumela ukutshintshwa kweegiya ezikhawulezayo nezigudileyo.
Izixhobo zothumelo zibalulekile ekulawuleni isantya kunye netorque yesithuthi, kwaye uhlobo lwenkqubo yothumelo olusetyenziswayo lunokuba nefuthe elibonakalayo ekusebenzeni kwesithuthi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha, kunye namava okuqhuba.
Isixhobo sokuqhuba
Inkqubo yokuqhuba kwisithuthi isebenzisa iindidi ezininzi zeegiya ukuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo yevili lokuqhuba ibe yintshukumo yomgca efunekayo ukuguqula amavili. Nazi iintlobo eziphambili zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwisixokelelwano sokuqhuba:
Worm kunye neCandelo leGear: Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwindlela yokulawula. Ivili lokuqhuba liqhagamshelwe kwi-shaft enegiya leentshulube, elidibanisa igiya yecandelo eliqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco lokuqhuba. Njengoko ivili lokuqhuba lijika, i-worm gear iyajikeleza, ibangela ukuba i-gear yecandelo kunye ne-steering linkage ukuhamba, ukuguqula amavili.
I-Rack kunye nePinion: Kule nkqubo, isondo lokuqhuba liqhagamshelwe kwi-pinion gear, edibanisa i-rack gear eqhotyoshelweyo kwikhonkco lokuqhuba. Njengoko ivili lokuqhuba liguqulwa, i-pinion gear iyajikeleza, ihambisa i-rack gear kunye nokuguqula amavili. Iinkqubo zeRack kunye ne-pinion steering zithandwa ngenxa yokulula kwazo kunye nokuphendula.
Ibhola ejikelezayo: Le nkqubo isebenzisa indlela yebhola ejikelezayo ukuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo yevili lokuqhuba ibe sisindululo somgca esifunekayo ukujika amavili. Isixhobo se-worm gear sijikeleza uthotho lweebhola ezijikelezayo, ezihambisa i-nut eqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco lokuqhuba, ijika amavili.
Ibhokisi yokulawula: I gearbox yokuqhuba licandelo eligcina iigiya ezisetyenziswa kwi steering system. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixhonywe kwi-chassis yesithuthi kwaye iqulethe iigiya ezifunekayo ukuguqula intshukumo ejikelezayo yevili lokuqhuba kwintshukumo efunekayo ukujika amavili.
Ezi ziintlobo eziphambili zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwisistim sokuqhuba. Uhlobo lwesixokelelwano sezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo sinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwesithuthi kunye nendlela esivakalelwa ngayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni na, iigiya kwisistim sokuqhuba zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvumeleni umqhubi ukuba alawule indlela yesithuthi.
Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo
Isixhobo sokwahlula-hlula sisixhobo esibalulekileyo ekuqhubeni isithuthi, ngakumbi kwizithuthi ezinamavili angasemva okanye amavili onke. Ivumela amavili okuqhuba ukuba ajikeleze kwizantya ezahlukeneyo ngelixa ehambisa amandla ukusuka enjini ukuya kumavili. Nantsi indlela izixhobo zokwahlulahlula zisebenza ngayo kwaye kutheni zibalulekile:
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
I-Power Input: Umahluko ufumana amandla kwi-transmission okanye ityala lokudlulisa, ngokuqhelekileyo nge-driveshaft.
Ukwahlula aMandla: Umahluko wahlula amandla ukusuka kwi-driveshaft kwiziphumo ezibini, enye kwivili ngalinye lokuqhuba.
Ukuvumela Izantya ezahlukeneyo: Xa isithuthi sijika, ivili langaphandle lihamba umgama omde kunevili elingaphakathi. Umahluko uvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze kwizantya ezahlukeneyo ukulungiselela lo mahluko.
Ukulinganisa iTorque: Umahluko ukwanceda ukulinganisa itorque esetyenziswa kwivili ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba omabini amavili afumana amandla awoneleyo okugcina ukutsala.
Ukubaluleka kweZixhobo eziMahluko:
Ikona: Ngaphandle kokwahluka, amavili aya kunyanzeleka ukuba ajike ngesantya esinye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukujika. Umahluko uvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze kwizantya ezahlukeneyo ngexesha lokujika, ukuphucula ukuhamba.
Ukutsala: Umahluko unceda ukugcina ukutsalwa ngokuvumela amavili ukuba alungelelanise isantya sawo ngokwendawo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiimeko ezingaphandle kwendlela okanye kwiimeko ezimtyibilizi.
Ubude bevili: Ngokuvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo, umahluko kunciphisa uxinzelelo kumatayara kunye nezinye izinto ze-drivetrain, ezinokwandisa ubomi babo.
Ukusebenza okugudileyo: Ukwahluka okusebenzayo ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okugudileyo kunye nokungaguquguqukiyo kumavili, ukuphucula amava okuqhuba ngokubanzi.
Lilonke, igiya yokwahlula-hlula licandelo elibalulekileyo kwi-drivetrain yesithuthi, evumela ukujika okugudileyo, ukuphuculwa kokutsala, kunye nokuncipha kokunxiba kwamatayara kunye nezinto zokuqhuba.
