IiGiya zeNjini
I-OEM ODM ichanekileyo kakhuluukuvelisa iigiyaIinjini zeemoto zisebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegiya ukwenza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Ezi giya zinceda ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwenjini kunye nezinto zayo. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwiinjini zeemoto:
Izixhobo Zokulinganisa Ixesha: Iigiya zokulinganisa ixesha zisetyenziselwa ukuvumelanisa ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kweevalvu zenjini kunye nokuhamba kweepiston. Ziqinisekisa ukuba iivalvu ziyavuleka kwaye zivalwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukutsha okusebenzayo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwenjini.
Iigiya zeCrankshaft:Iigiya ze-crankshaft zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwiipiston ukuya kwi-crankshaft, eguqula intshukumo ethe tye yeepiston ibe yintshukumo ejikelezayo. Le ntshukumo ejikelezayo emva koko isetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ezinye izinto zenjini kunye nezixhobo.
IiGiya zeCamshaft: Iigiya ze-camshaft zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba i-camshaft, elawula ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kweevalvu zenjini. Iigiya ze-camshaft ziqinisekisa ukuba i-camshaft ijikeleza ngesantya esifanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-crankshaft.
IiGiya zeMpompo yeoyile: Iigiya zepompo yeoyile zisetyenziselwa ukupompa ioyile ukusuka kwipani yeoyile ukuya kwizinto zenjini, ezifana neebheringi kunye ne-camshaft, ukuze zithambise kwaye zinciphise ukungqubana. Ukuthambisa ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle nasekuhlaleni ixesha elide kwenjini.
IiGiya zeBalance Shaft: Ezinye iinjini zisebenzisa ii-balance shafts ukunciphisa ukungcangcazela. Iigiya ze-balance shaft zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ezi shafts ze-balance, ukuqinisekisa ukuba zijikeleza ngesantya esifanelekileyo kunye nesigaba esifanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa ne-crankshaft.
IiGiya zokuqhuba eziSetyenziswayo: Iigiya zokuqhuba ezincedisayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqhuba izinto ezifana nepompo yamanzi, ipompo yokuqhuba ngamandla, kunye ne-alternator. Ezi giya ziqinisekisa ukuba ezi zinto zisebenza ngesantya esifanelekileyo xa kuthelekiswa nesantya senjini kunye nesithuthi.
Izixhobo zokudlulisa
TIigiya zokuhambisa umbane ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuhambisa umbane yesithuthi, enoxanduva lokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kumavili ngesantya esahlukileyo kunye nee-torque. Nazi iintlobo eziphambili zeegiya zokuhambisa umbane ezifumaneka kwizithuthi:
IiGiya zoThumelo lwesandla: Kwi-gear transmission esebenzisa isandla ngesandla, umqhubi ukhetha ii-gear shifter kunye ne-clutch ngesandla. Ii-gear eziphambili kwi-gear transmission ziquka:
IGear Yokuqala (IGear Ephantsi): Inika amandla aphezulu okuqalisa imoto imile.
Isixhobo Sesibini: Sisetyenziselwa isantya esiphakathi kunye nokukhawulezisa.
Isixhobo Sesithathu: Sisetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngesantya esiphakathi.
IGear Yesine (Overdrive): Isetyenziselwa ukuhamba ngesantya esiphezulu, apho isantya senjini siphantsi kunesantya sesithuthi.
IGear yesiHlanu (Overdrive): Ezinye iigear eziqhutywa ngesandla zinegear yesiHlanu yokuqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu.
IiGiya zoThumelo oluZenzekelayo: Kwi-transmission ezenzekelayo, inkqubo yokudlulisa ikhetha ngokuzenzekelayo iigiya ngokusekwe kwisantya sesithuthi, umthwalo wenjini, kunye nezinye izinto. Iigiya eziphambili kwi-transmission ezenzekelayo ziquka:
Ipaki (P): Itshixa i-gearbox ukuthintela imoto ukuba ingahambi.
Ukubuyela umva (R): Ifaka iigiya ukuze ivumele imoto ukuba ibuyele umva.
Ingathathi cala (N): Ikhupha iigiya, ivumela injini ukuba isebenze ngaphandle kokuqhuba amavili.
Ukuqhuba (D): Kubandakanya iigiya ukuze kuhambe phambili. Ezinye iigiya ezizenzekelayo zikwanazo nezinye iigiya zokutshintsha isantya.
Uthumelo oluGuqukayo oluQhubekekayo (i-CVT): I-CVT isebenzisa inkqubo yee-pulleys kunye neebhanti ukubonelela ngenani elingenasiphelo lee-gear ratios, endaweni yee-disparate gears. Oku kuvumela ukukhawulezisa okuthambileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli.
Uthumelo lweClutch oluBini (iDCT): I-DCT idibanisa ukusebenza kakuhle kothumelo oluqhutywa ngesandla kunye nokulula kothumelo oluzenzekelayo. Isebenzisa ii-clutches ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwiigiya ezingaqhelekanga nezilinganayo, okuvumela ukutshintsha kwegiya ngokukhawuleza nangokugudileyo.
Iigiya zokudlulisa zibalulekile ekulawuleni isantya kunye ne-torque yesithuthi, kwaye uhlobo lwenkqubo yegiya yokudlulisa esetyenziswayo lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwesithuthi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwepetroli, kunye namava okuqhuba.
Izixhobo zokuqhuba
Inkqubo yokuqhuba kwisithuthi isebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegiya ukuguqula intshukumo yokujikeleza kwevili lokuqhuba ibe yintshukumo ethe tye efunekayo ukujika amavili. Nazi iintlobo eziphambili zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqhuba:
Izixhobo zeNtshulube kunye neCandelo: Olu luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwegiya olusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqhuba. Ivili lokuqhuba liqhagamshelwe kwishafti enegiya yempethu, edibanisa negiya yecandelo eliqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco lokuqhuba. Njengoko ivili lokuqhuba lijikeleziswa, igiya yempethu iyajikeleza, nto leyo ebangela ukuba icandelo legiya kunye nekhonkco lokuqhuba lihambe, lijikelezise amavili.
Irakhi kunye nePinion: Kule nkqubo, ivili lokuqhuba liqhagamshelwe kwigiya ye-pinion, edibanisa i-rack gear eqhotyoshelwe kwikhonkco lokuqhuba. Njengoko ivili lokuqhuba lijikeleziswa, i-pinion gear iyajikeleza, ishukumisa i-rack gear kwaye ijika amavili. Iinkqubo zokuqhuba i-rack kunye ne-pinion zithandwa ngenxa yobulula bazo kunye nokuphendula kwazo.
Ibhola ejikelezayo: Le nkqubo isebenzisa indlela yebhola ejikelezayo ukuguqula intshukumo yokujikeleza kwevili lokuqhuba ibe yintshukumo echanekileyo efunekayo ukujika amavili. Isixhobo sombungu sijikeleza uthotho lweebhola ezijikelezayo, ezihambisa i-nut eqhagamshelwe kwikhonkco lokuqhuba, zijike amavili.
Ibhokisi yeGear yokuqhuba: Ibhokisi yegiya yokuqhuba yinxalenye egcina iigiya ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqhuba. Ihlala ifakelwa kwitshasi yesithuthi kwaye iqulethe iigiya ezifunekayo ukuguqula intshukumo yokujikeleza kwevili lokuqhuba ibe yintshukumo ethe tye efunekayo ukujika amavili.
Ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili zeegiya ezisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuqondisa. Uhlobo lwenkqubo yegiya esetyenziswayo lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo lwesithuthi kunye nemvakalelo yokuqondisa oyifunayo. Nokuba loluphi na uhlobo, iigiya kwinkqubo yokuqondisa zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvumeleni umqhubi ukuba alawule icala lesithuthi.
Izixhobo zokwahluka
I-differential gear yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-drivetrain yesithuthi, ingakumbi kwizithuthi ezine-rear-wheel okanye i-all-wheel drive. Ivumela amavili e-drive ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo ngelixa edlulisela amandla ukusuka kwinjini ukuya kumavili. Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo i-differential gear kunye nesizathu sokuba ibalulekile:
Ingaba isebenza kanjani:
Ukufakwa koMbane: Umahluko ufumana amandla avela kwibhokisi yokudlulisela okanye yokudlulisa, ngesiqhelo nge-driveshaft.
Ukwahlulahlula amandla: Umahluko wahlula amandla avela kwi-driveshaft abe zii-outputs ezimbini, enye kwivili ngalinye lokuqhuba.
Ukuvumela Izantya Ezahlukeneyo: Xa imoto ijika, ivili elingaphandle lihamba umgama omde kunevili elingaphakathi. Umahluko uvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngezantya ezahlukeneyo ukuze kuhlangatyezwane nalo mahluko.
Ukulinganisa iTorque: Umahluko ukwanceda ukulinganisa i-torque esetyenziswa kwivili ngalinye, ukuqinisekisa ukuba omabini amavili afumana amandla aneleyo okugcina ukutsala.
Ukubaluleka kwezixhobo zokwahlulahlula:
Ukujika emakhoneni: Ngaphandle kwe-differential, amavili aya kunyanzeleka ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esifanayo, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukujika. I-differential ivumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo ngexesha lokujika, nto leyo ephucula ukuhamba kakuhle.
Ukutsala: Umahluko unceda ukugcina ukutsala ngokuvumela amavili ukuba alungise isantya sawo ngokwendawo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezingaphandle kwendlela okanye ezityibilikayo.
Ubude bevili: Ngokuvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo, umahluko uyanciphisa uxinzelelo kumavili nakwezinye izinto eziqhuba ivili, nto leyo enokwandisa ubomi bawo.
Ukusebenza Okutyibilikayo: Umahluko osebenza kakuhle unceda ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okutyibilikayo nokungaguquguqukiyo kumavili, nto leyo ephucula amava okuqhuba ngokubanzi.
Lilonke, i-differential gear yinxalenye ebalulekileyo kwi-drivetrain yesithuthi, evumela ukujika okuthe tye, ukuphucula ukubamba, kunye nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwamatayara kunye nezixhobo ze-drivetrain.
