I-gibick yelori yelori
Iilori zemixube, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yikhonkrithi okanye i-quatiments, zihlala zinamacandelo ambalwa kunye neegiya ezifunekayo ekusebenzeni kwazo. Ezi giars zinceda ukuxuba kunye nokuhambisa ngokuthe ngqo. Nazi ezinye zeegiya eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiilori zemixube:
- Ukuxuba iDrum:Le yeyona nto iphambili kwilori yomxube. Ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lohambo lokugcina umxube wekhonkrithi ukusuka ekukhumeni. Ukujikeleza kuxhotyiswa zii-Hydraulic Motors okanye ngamanye amaxesha yi-injini yelori ngenkqubo yokuphuma kwamandla (PTO).
- Inkqubo ye-hydraulic:Iilori zemixube Sebenzisa iinkqubo ze-hydraulic zokulawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukujikeleza kwedrum yokuxuba, ukusebenza kwe-chute yokuxhuzula, kunye nokuphakamisa idrum yokuxuba kunye nokulayisha. Iipumps ze-hydraulic, i-motors, iisilinda, kunye neeValves zizinto ezibalulekileyo zale nkqubo.
- Ukuhanjiswa:Inkqubo yokuhambisa inoxanduva lokudlulisela amandla kwi-injini kwiivili. Iilori zemixube zihlala zitshintshelo olunzima olwenzelwe ukuphatha umthwalo kwaye zinike i-torque eyimfuneko yokuhambisa imoto, ngakumbi xa ityalwe ngekhonkrithi.
- Injini:Iilori zemixube zixhotywe ngeenjini ezinamandla ukubonelela ngehashe elifunekayo lokuhambisa imithwalo eshukumisayo kwaye isebenza iinkqubo ze-hydraulic. Ezi injini zihlala zine-diselif-yenziwa i-tortle ye-torque kunye nempumelelo.
- Umahluko:Indibano yegiva yegiya eyahlukileyo ivumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo ngelixa egqitha iikona. Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokuthintela ukunxiba ngetayari kwiilori zemixube, ngakumbi xa uhambahamba kwiindawo eziqinileyo okanye umhlaba ongalinganiyo.
- I-drivetrain:Izinto zedrafting, kubandakanya ii-axles, ukuqhuba, kunye namacandelo, sebenzisana ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwi-injini kwiivili. Kwiitrato ze-mixer, ezi zinto zakhiwe ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kwaye zibonelela ngentsebenzo ethembekileyo.
- Itanki lamanzi kunye nempompo:Uninzi lweelori ze-mixer linetanki yamanzi kunye nenkqubo yempompo yokongeza amanzi kumxube wekhonkrithi ngexesha lokuxuba okanye ukucoca idrum yomxube emva kokusetyenziswa. Impompo yamanzi ihlala ixhotyiswa yimoto ye-hydraulic okanye yombane.
Ezi giri kunye nezinto zisebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iilori zemixube zinokudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo, ezothutho, kunye nokukhupha ikhonkrithi kwiindawo zokwakha. Ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwezi giya kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okhuselekileyo.
Ikhonkrithi ye-Ikhonkrithi
Isityalo sekhonkrithi sekhonkrithi, esabizwa ngokuba sisityalo sokuxuba ikhonkrithi okanye isityalo sekhonkrithi, sisibonelelo esidibanisa izithako ezahlukeneyo ukuba zenze ikhonkrithi. Ezi zityalo zisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zokwakha apho kufuneka ikhonkrithi ephezulu yekhonkrithi. Nazi izinto eziphambili kunye neenkqubo ezichaphazelekayo kwisityalo esiqhelekileyo sekhonkrithi:
- Imigqomo ehlanganisiweyo:Ezi xina zigcina iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-agreregates njengesanti, igrubhillo, kunye nelitye elaphukileyo. I-Aggregates ichazwe ngokusekwe kuyilo olufunekayo lokudibanisa lwaza lakhutshwa kwibhanti lezothutho kwizothutho kwicandelo lokuxuba.
- Ibhanti lokubonisa:Ibhanti yomnxibelelanisi ithutha i-agergates evela kwimigqomo ye-Aggregate kwicandelo lokuxuba. Iqinisekisa ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kwe-agergates kwinkqubo yokuxuba.
- I-SEFTE SILO:I-CETAT SEATARSE STORSE STOTIGS KWI-BUSK Isamente igcinwe kwi-SILOs nge-aeration kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukugcina umgangatho wesamente. Isamente isasazwa kwii-SILOs nge-pneumatic okanye isikhafu.
- Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye neetanki ezongeziweyo:Amanzi sisithako esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yekhonkrithi. Izityalo zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi zineetanki zokugcina amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubonelelo lwamanzi oluqhubekayo lwenkqubo yokuxuba. Ukongeza, iitanki ezisongelayo zinokufakwa ukugcina nokuhambisa izongezo ezahlukeneyo ezinjengeempawu, iiarhente zombala, okanye iintsinga.
- Izixhobo ze-BHTHTH:Izixhobo ze-batch, ezinjengee-scales hoppers, isikali kunye neemitha, ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhambisa izithako kwiyunithi yokuxuba ngokoyilo oluchaziweyo. Izityalo ze-fackch ezinamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokulawula ezikhompyutheni ukuze kusetyenziswe le nkqubo kwaye kuqinisekiswe ngokuchanekileyo.
- Icandelo lokuxuba:ICandelo lokuxuba, likwabizwa ngokuba ngumxube, kulapho izithako ezahlukeneyo zidityaniswe nekhonkrithi. Umxube unokuba ngumxube wedram yedrum, umxube we-shin-shaft, okanye umxube weplanethi, kuxhomekeka kuyilo lwesityalo kunye nomthamo. Inkqubo yokudibanisa iqinisekisa ukudityaniswa ngokufanelekileyo kwe-Aggregates, i-CATE, amanzi, kunye neezongezo zokuvelisa umxube wekhonkrithi.
- Inkqubo yokulawula:Inkqubo yokulawula iyongamela kwaye ilawula yonke inkqubo ye-batch. Ibeka iliso elingaphakathi, ilawula ukusebenza kwezinto zokuhambisa kunye nabaxube, kwaye iqinisekisa ukungqinelana nomgangatho wekhonkrithi evelisiweyo. Izityalo ezizimeleyo zanamhlanje zihlala zibonisa iinkqubo eziphambili zolawulo lwekhompyuter kwimisebenzi esebenzayo nefanelekileyo.
- Igumbi lokulawula imitya yeBatch: oku kungekho basebenzi babeka iliso kwaye balawula inkqubo ye-fatch. Ngokwesiqhelo igcina i-iqubtion yenkqubo yokulawula, izixhobo zokubeka esweni, kunye nomsebenzi we-operator.
Izityalo zekhonkrithi zekhonkrithi ziza kufanelekileyo kunye namandla ukuze zilungele iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zeprojekthi. Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukubonelela ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwikhonkrithi esemgangathweni yeprojekthi yokwakha, ukusukela kwizakhiwo zokuhlala kwiziko elinamandla lophuhliso. Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwezityalo ezinamabhanti kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwekhonkrithi kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi.
Iigiyas zegiza
Amatshini wokuthintela oomatshini abantsokomileyo benzelwe ukumba, ukudilizwa, kunye neminye imisebenzi yolawulo. Basebenzisa iigiya ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zokufezekisa ukusebenza kwazo. Nazi ezinye zeegiya eziphambili kunye nezinto ezihlala zifumaneka kwindawo yokudala:
- Inkqubo ye-hydraulic:Iindlela zokuthintela ixhomekeke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic ukuze zinamandla intshukumo yazo kunye neziqhotyoshelweyo. Iipumps ze-hydraulic, i-mors, iisilinda, kunye neeVualves zilawula ukusebenza kwe-boom yomzimba, ingalo, ibhakethi, kunye nezinye izinamathiselo.
- Wing gear:The swing gear, also known as the slew ring or swing bearing, is a large ring gear that allows the upper structure of the excavator to rotate 360 degrees on the undercarriage. Iqhutywa yi-Hydraulic Motors kwaye ivumela umqhubi ukuba amisele indawo yokumba okanye ukulahla izinto ezilapho.
- I-track drive:Abaphenguda ngokwesiqhelo baneengoma endaweni yamavili okuhamba. Inkqubo ye-track drive ibandakanya i-SPROCKETS, tracks, i-idlers, kunye neRollers. I-SPROCTSETets zenza iingoma, kwaye iikoto ze-hydraulic ziqhubela iitrekhi, zivumela umphathi-mvume ukuba ahambe ngaphezulu kweetarayina ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuhanjiswa:I-Excavavators inokuba nenkqubo yothumelo edlulisela amandla kwi-injini ukuya kwiipumps ze-hydraulic kunye nemali. Udluliselo luqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa okuhle nokuhanjiswa kwenkqubo efanelekileyo yenkqubo ye-hydraulic.
- Injini:Amanzi e-Excavavars axhotyiswe ziinjini zedizili, ezibonelela ngamahashe afanelekileyo ukuze asebenze inkqubo ye-hydraulic, trives, kunye nezinye izinto. I-injini inokuba ngasemva okanye ngaphambili komngxunya, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli.
- I-CAB kunye nolawulo:I-CAB yomqhubi igubungela ulawulo kunye nesixhobo sokusebenza kwi-exncavator. Iigiya ezinje ngovuyo, ii-pedals, kunye neetshikisi zivumela umqhubi ukuba alawule intshukumo ye-boom, ingalo, ibhakethi, kunye neminye imisebenzi.
- Ibhakethi kunye nezinamathiselo:Amanzi e-Excavavators anokuxhotyiswa ngeentlobo ngeentlobo kunye nobukhulu beebhakethi zokumba, kunye nezinamathiselo ezifana ne-graples, izando ze-hydralic, kunye nemisebenzi yemisebenzi ekhethekileyo. Iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo okanye iinkqubo ze-hydraulic zivumela ukuncamathisela ngokulula kunye nokuthintelwa kwezi zixhobo.
- Amacandelo angaphantsi kwenqanaba:Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokuqhuba i-trip yokuqhuba, amaziko e-Excavavava anamacandelo aphantsi anjenge-Tensioners, umkhondo wezakhelo, kunye nezihlangu. Ezi zinto zixhasa ubunzima bomntu wokudala kwaye zinike uzinzo ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ezi giri kunye nezinto zisebenza kunye ukwenzela ukuba umkhupheli enze uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo. Ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuhlala kobomi bokuthintela amandla ekusebenzeni kwendawo yomsebenzi.
I-crane ye-crane
Iirale ze-Towerd zingoomatshini abaninzi abasetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezide kunye nezakhiwo. Ngelixa abasebenzisi iigiya zesintu ngendlela efanayo nezithuthi zemoto okanye oomatshini bomzi-mveliso, baxhomekeke kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto zokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo. Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili ezinxulumene nokusebenza kweekhreyithi zewele:
- Igiya yokubulala:I-cranes yenqaba yenqaba ifakwe kwinqaba ethe nkqo, kwaye zinokujikeleza (ukubulala) ngokuthe tyaba ukufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwindawo yokwakha. Igiya yokulala iqulethe igiya enkulu yeringi kunye negiya ye-pin pirion ngemoto. Le nkqubo yegiya ivumela i-crane ukuba ijikeleze kakuhle kwaye ngokuchanekileyo.
- Indlela yokuqonda:I-cranes yenqaba yenqaba ineendlela eziphakamisayo eziphakamisayo kwaye ziphantsi komthwalo onzima usebenzisa intambo ye-wire kunye nedrum ye-hom. Ngelixa ingeyiyo igiya ngokungqongqo, ezi zinto zisebenza kunye ukuphakamisa kwaye zinciphise umthwalo. Indlela yokufumanisa indlela inokubandakanya ibhokisi yegiya ukuba ilawule isantya kunye ne-torque yomsebenzi wokuphakamisa.
- I-Trolley Mechanism:I-cranes ye-cranes zihlala zinendlela yetroli eshukumisayo ngokuthe tyaba ecaleni kwe-jib (i-boom ethe tyaba). Le ndlela idla ngokuba yi-trolley motor kunye nenkqubo yegiya evumela umthwalo ukuba ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo kwi-jib.
- I-ardieds:Ukugcina uzinzo kunye nokulinganisa ngelixa uphakamisa imithwalo enzima, iikhreyithi zentsimbi zisebenzisa amakhoboka. Ezi zihlala ziphakanyiselwa kwi-counter-jib kwaye zinokulungiswa njengoko kufuneka. Ngelixa ingenzi ngokwabo, imikhonto idlala indima ebalulekileyo kumsebenzi wonke we-crane.
- Inkqubo yokuqhubela:Iikhreyini zeakerwe ze-Tower zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokuqhubela ukulawula intshukumo yomthwalo kunye nokujikeleza kwe-crane. Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya iindlela ezininzi ze-brake, ezinjengeebhulo ze-disc okanye iibhuleki zedrum, ezinokuthi zisebenze nge-hydraul okanye ngoomatshini.
- Iinkqubo zoLawulo:I-cranes yenqaba yenqaba isebenza kwi-cab ebekufuphi nenqaba yenqaba. Iinkqubo zokulawula zibandakanya amaqhosha, amaqhosha, kunye nezinye izinto ezivumela ukuba umqhubi alawule iintshukumo zomsebenzi kunye nemisebenzi. Ngelixa amaGeshi hayi, ezi nkqubo zolawulo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwe-crane.
Ngelixa i-cranes ye-tower ayisebenzisi iigiya zesintu ngendlela efanayo njengolunye uhlobo lomatshini, baxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zegiya, iindlela, kunye nezinto zokwenza umsebenzi ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Izixhobo zokwakha zokwakha apho iigiya iivarha
