Iigiya zelori zoMxubi
Iilori zokuxuba, ezikwaziwa ngokuba zizixube zekhonkrithi okanye zesamente, zihlala zinento ezimbalwa eziphambili kunye neegiya eziyimfuneko ekusebenzeni kwazo.Ezi zixhobo zinceda ekuxubeni nasekuthutheni ikhonkrithi ngokufanelekileyo.Nazi ezinye zezixhobo eziphambili ezisetyenziswa kwiilori zokuxuba:
- Ukuxuba Igubu:Eli licandelo eliphambili lelori yomxube.Ijikeleza ngokuqhubekayo ngexesha lokuhamba ukugcina umxube wekhonkrithi ukuba ungabi lukhuni.Ujikelezo lunikwa amandla ziinjini zehydraulic okanye ngamanye amaxesha yinjini yelori ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokuthatha umbane (PTO).
- Inkqubo yeHydraulic:Iilori zokuxuba zisebenzisa iisistim ze-hydraulic ukunika amandla imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa ukujikeleza kwe-drum yokuxuba, ukusebenza kwe-chute yokukhupha, kunye nokunyusa okanye ukuhla kwe-drum yokuxuba ukulayisha kunye nokukhulula.Iimpompo zeHydraulic, iimotor, iisilinda, kunye neevalvu zizinto ezibalulekileyo zale nkqubo.
- Ugqithiso:Inkqubo yothumelo inoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla ukusuka enjini ukuya kumavili.Iilori zokuxuba ngokuqhelekileyo zinemithwalo enzima yokuthutha eyenzelwe ukujongana nomthwalo kunye nokubonelela nge-torque efunekayo yokuhambisa isithuthi, ngakumbi xa ilayishwe ngekhonkrithi.
- Injini:Iilori zokuxuba zixhotyiswe ngeenjini ezinamandla ukubonelela ngamandla afunekayo ehashe lokuhambisa imithwalo enzima kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zehydraulic.Ezi njini zihlala zine-diesel-powered torque yazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha.
- Umahluko:Ukudityaniswa kwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo kuvumela amavili ukuba ajikeleze ngesantya esahlukileyo ngelixa ejika iikona.Oku kubalulekile ekugcineni uzinzo kunye nokuthintela ukunxitywa kwamatayara kwiilori zokuxuba, ngakumbi xa uhamba ngeendawo ezixineneyo okanye kumhlaba ongalinganiyo.
- Ukuqhuba uloliwe:Amacandelo e-drivetrain, kubandakanywa ii-axles, ii-driveshafts, kunye nokwahlukana, asebenza kunye ukuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kumavili.Kwiilori zokuxuba, la macandelo akhelwe ukumelana nemithwalo enzima kwaye anike ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
- Itanki yamanzi kunye nempompo:Iilori ezininzi zokuxuba zinetanki yamanzi kunye nenkqubo yepompo yokongeza amanzi kumxube wekhonkrithi ngexesha lokuxuba okanye ukucoca idramu yokuxuba emva kokusetyenziswa.Impompo yamanzi idla ngokuqhutywa yihydraulic okanye imotor yombane.
Ezi zixhobo kunye namacandelo asebenza kunye ukuqinisekisa ukuba iilori zokuxuba zinokuxuba ngokufanelekileyo, zithuthe, kwaye zikhuphe ikhonkrithi kwiindawo zokwakha.Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kwezi zixhobo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo.
Concrete Batching Plant Gears
Iplanti yokudibanisa ikhonkrithi, ekwaziwa njengesityalo sokuxuba ikhonkrithi okanye iplanti yokudibanisa ikhonkrithi, sisixhobo esidibanisa izithako ezahlukeneyo ukwenza ikhonkrithi.Ezi zityalo zisetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha ezinkulu apho kufuneka unikezelo oluqhubekayo lwekhonkrithi ekumgangatho ophezulu.Nanga amacandelo aphambili kunye neenkqubo ezibandakanyekayo kwisityalo esiqhelekileyo sokudibanisa ikhonkrithi:
- Imigqomo edityanisiweyo:Le migqomo igcina iindidi ngeendidi zeeaggregates ezifana nesanti, igrabile, namatye atyunyuziweyo.I-aggregates ilinganiswe ngokusekelwe kuyilo lomxube ofunekayo kwaye emva koko ikhutshwe kwibhanti yokuhambisa ukuthutha ukuya kwiyunithi yokuxuba.
- Ibhanti lokubonisa:Ibhanti yokuthutha ihambisa i-aggregates ukusuka kwi-aggregate bins ukuya kwiyunithi yokuxuba.Iqinisekisa ukubonelela ngokuqhubekayo kwee-aggregates zenkqubo yokuxuba.
- Izisele zesamente:Isisele sesamente sevenkile yesamente ngobuninzi.I-samente ngokuqhelekileyo igcinwa kwiisilos ezine-aeration kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ukugcina umgangatho wesamente.I-samente ikhutshwa kwi-silos ngokusebenzisa i-pneumatic okanye i-screw conveyors.
- UGcino lwaManzi kunye neeTanki ezongezelelweyo:Amanzi sisithako esibalulekileyo kwimveliso yekhonkrithi.Izityalo zokudibanisa ikhonkrithi zineetanki zokugcina amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamanzi okuqhubekayo kwinkqubo yokuxuba.Ukongeza, iitanki ezongezelelweyo zinokubandakanywa ukugcina kunye nokuhambisa izongezo ezahlukeneyo ezinje nge-admixtures, ii-agent zombala, okanye iifibers.
- Izixhobo zokuhlanganisa:Izixhobo zokudibanisa, ezifana ne-hoppers, izikali, kunye neemitha, zilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye zisasaze izithako kwiyunithi yokuxuba ngokoyilo lomxube ochaziweyo.Izityalo ze-batching zanamhlanje zihlala zisebenzisa iisistim zolawulo lwekhompyuter ukwenza le nkqubo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ziqinisekise ukuchaneka.
- IYunithi yokuxuba:Iyunithi yokuxuba, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-mixer, apho izithako ezahlukeneyo zidibaniswe ukwenza ikhonkrithi.Umxubi unokuba ngumxube omileyo wegubu, umxube we-twin-shaft, okanye umxube weplanethi, ngokuxhomekeke kuyilo kunye nomthamo wesityalo.Inkqubo yokuxuba iqinisekisa ukudityaniswa ngokucokisekileyo kwee-aggregates, i-samente, amanzi, kunye nezongezelelo ukuvelisa umxube wekhonkrithi olinganayo.
- Indlela Yokulawula:Inkqubo yolawulo yongamela kwaye ilawula yonke inkqubo yokudibanisa.Ibeka iliso kwimilinganiselo yesithako, ilawula ukusebenza kwabahambisi kunye nabaxubi, kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhambelana kunye nomgangatho wekhonkrithi eveliswayo.Izityalo zebatching zanamhlanje zihlala zineenkqubo zolawulo oluphezulu lwekhompyuter ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo nangokuchanekileyo.
- I-Batch Plant Control Room: Kulapho abaqhubi bebeka iliso kwaye balawule inkqubo yokudibanisa.Ihlala igcina ujongano lwenkqubo yolawulo, izixhobo zokubeka iliso, kunye neeconsoles zabaqhubi.
Izityalo zokudibanisa izinto zekhonkrithi ziza kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zeprojekthi.Badlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukubonelelwa kwangethuba kwekhonkrithi ekumgangatho ophezulu kwiiprojekthi zokwakha, ukusuka kwizakhiwo zokuhlala ukuya kuphuhliso lweziseko ezingundoqo.Ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kwe-batching izityalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwekhonkrithi engaguqukiyo kunye nempumelelo yeprojekthi.
Iigiya ze-Excavators
I-excavators ngoomatshini abantsonkothileyo abayilelwe ukugrunjwa, ukudilizwa, kunye neminye imisebenzi yokuhambisa umhlaba.Basebenzisa iigiya ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo oomatshini ukufezekisa ukusebenza kwabo.Nazi ezinye zezixhobo eziphambili kunye namacandelo aqhelekileyo afunyanwa kwi-excavators:
- Inkqubo yeHydraulic:Abenzi be-excavators bathembele kakhulu kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic ukunika amandla intshukumo yabo kunye nezinamathiselo.Iimpompo zeHydraulic, iimotor, iisilinda, kunye neevalvu zilawula ukusebenza kwe-excavator boom, ingalo, ibhakethi, kunye nezinye izinto ezincamatheleyo.
- Swing Gear:Igiya yokujingi, ekwabizwa ngokuba ngumsesane obuleweyo okanye ujingi, sisixhobo esikhulu esivumela ulwakhiwo oluphezulu lwe-excavator ukuba lujikeleze idigri ezingama-360 kwi-undercarriage.Iqhutywa ngama-motor hydraulic kwaye ivumela umqhubi ukuba abeke indawo ye-excavator yokumba okanye ukulahla izinto kuyo nayiphi na indlela.
- Landela umkhondo wokuQhuba:Abembi badla ngokuba neengoma endaweni yamavili okushukumiseka.Inkqubo yokuqhuba umkhondo ibandakanya ii-sprockets, iingoma, iidler, kunye neerola.I-sprockets ibandakanyeka kunye neengoma, kunye neenjini ze-hydraulic ziqhuba iingoma, zivumela u-excavator ukuba ahambe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
- Ugqithiso:Abenzi be-excavators banokuba nenkqubo yokuhambisa ehambisa amandla ukusuka kwi-injini ukuya kwiimpompo ze-hydraulic kunye neenjini.Ukuhanjiswa kuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwamandla agudileyo kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kwenkqubo ye-hydraulic.
- Injini:Ii-excavators zinikwa amandla ziinjini zedizili, ezibonelela ngamandla ayimfuneko okusebenza kwi-hydraulic system, track drives, kunye nezinye izinto.I-injini inokuthi ibekwe ngasemva okanye ngaphambili kwi-excavator, kuxhomekeke kwimodeli.
- Ikhebhu kunye noLawulo:Ikhabhu yomsebenzi igcina ulawulo kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza kwi-excavator.Iigiya ezinje ngee-joystick, iipedals, kunye nokutshintsha zivumela umqhubi ukuba alawule intshukumo ye-boom, ingalo, ibhakethi, kunye neminye imisebenzi.
- Ibhakethi kunye neziqhoboshelo:Ii-excavators zisenokuxhotyiswa ngeendidi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu beeemele zokugrunjwa, kunye nezinto ezincamatheleyo ezinje ngeegraples, iihamile ezisebenza ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic, kunye nobhontsi bemisebenzi ekhethekileyo.Ii-couplers ezikhawulezayo okanye iinkqubo ze-hydraulic zivumela ukudibanisa lula kunye nokukhutshwa kwezi zixhobo.
- Iinxalenye ze-Undercarriage:Ukongeza kwinkqubo yokuqhuba umkhondo, abembi banezinto ezingaphantsi kwekhareji ezinje ngee-tensioners zengoma, iifreyimu zomkhondo, kunye nezihlangu zomkhondo.Ezi zixhobo zixhasa ubunzima be-excavator kwaye zibonelela ngokuzinza ngexesha lokusebenza.
Ezi zixhobo kunye namacandelo asebenza kunye ukwenza ukuba umembi we-excavator enze uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo nangempumelelo.Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwabembi kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinzima.
Tower Crane Gears
Ii-cranes ze-Tower ziyimishini enzima esetyenziswa ngokukodwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezide kunye nezakhiwo.Ngelixa bengasebenzisi izixhobo zemveli ngendlela efanayo nezithuthi zeemoto okanye oomatshini bomzi-mveliso, baxhomekeke kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo ukuze basebenze ngokufanelekileyo.Nazi ezinye izinto eziphambili ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwee-cranes ze-tower cranes:
- Isixhobo sokuSlewing:Iikhreyini zeTower zixhonywe kwinqaba ethe nkqo, kwaye zinokujikeleza (zibulale) ngokuthe tye ukufikelela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zesiza sokwakha.Isixhobo sokuxhela sinegiya enkulu yeringi kunye negiya yepinion eqhutywa yinjini.Le nkqubo yegiya ivumela i-crane ukuba ijikeleze kakuhle kwaye ngokuchanekileyo.
- Indlela yokuHamba:Ii-cranes ze-Tower zinendlela yokuphakamisa ephakamisa kwaye yehlise imithwalo enzima usebenzisa intambo yocingo kunye negubu lokunyusela.Nangona ingezizo iigiya ezingqongqo, la malungu asebenza kunye ukunyusa nokuthoba umthwalo.Umatshini wokunyusela unokubandakanya ibhokisi yegiya ukulawula isantya kunye netorque yomsebenzi wokuphakamisa.
- Inkqubo yeTrolley:Iicranes zeTower zihlala zinesixhobo setroli esihambisa umthwalo ngokuthe tye ecaleni kwejib (ibhoom ethe tyaba).Lo matshini ngokuqhelekileyo unemoto yetroli kunye nenkqubo yegiya evumela ukuba umthwalo ubekwe ngokuchanekileyo ecaleni kwejib.
- Izixhobo zokulwa:Ukugcina uzinzo kunye nokulinganisela ngelixa uphakamisa imithwalo enzima, ii-cranes ze-tower zisebenzisa i-counterweights.Ezi zihlala zixhonywa kwi-counter-jib eyahlukileyo kwaye zinokuhlengahlengiswa njengoko kufuneka.Ngelixa ingezizo iigiya ngokwazo, ii-counterweights zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni ngokubanzi kwecrane.
- Inkqubo yeBraking:Ii-cranes ze-Tower zixhotyiswe nge-braking systems ukulawula ukuhamba komthwalo kunye nokujikeleza kwe-crane.Ezi nkqubo zihlala zibandakanya iindlela ezininzi zokuqhobosha, ezifana neziqhoboshi zediski okanye iziqhoboshi zegubu, ezinokuthi ziqhutywe ngombane okanye ngoomatshini.
- Iinkqubo zokulawula:Iikhreyini zeTower ziqhutywa kwikhabhi ebekwe kufutshane nencopho yenqaba.Iisistim zolawulo zibandakanya izinto zokonwaba, amaqhosha, kunye nolunye ujongano oluvumela umqhubi ukuba alawule iintshukumo kunye nemisebenzi yecrane.Ngelixa ingezizo iigiya, ezi nkqubo zolawulo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokusebenzayo kwecrane.
Ngelixa ii-cranes ze-tower zingasebenzisi iigiya zesiNtu ngendlela efanayo nezinye iintlobo zoomatshini, baxhomekeke kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zegiya, izixhobo, kunye namacandelo ukwenza imisebenzi yabo yokuphakamisa kunye nokubeka ngokuchanekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo.
Izixhobo zokwakha ezingakumbi apho iBelon Gears